【新唐人2014年12月27日讯】长期以来，大陆养老金双轨制一直因为“不公平性”，而备受公众诟病，社会上呼吁并轨的声音不断。日前，中共官方传出消息，养老金改革方案已经通过，将“破除”双轨制，但相应将提高公务员工资。民间对此表示不满，认为当局所谓的“改革”只是在用文字游戏敷衍民意。
据中共官方12月23号消息称，经国务院常务会议和中央政治局常委会审议，中国养老金双轨制改革方案已经拟定。今后党政机关、事业单位将建立与企业相同基本的养老保险制度，但改革方案具体内容却没有公布。
养老金双轨制，指的是政府机关和事业单位职工的养老金不需要自己支付，直接由国家财政统一支付﹔而社会企业单位则由单位和个人按照一定标准缴纳。而且政府机关和事业单位要比社会企业同等资职退休人员的退休金高两到三倍。
北京国情内参首席研究员中国金融智库研究员巩胜利：“双轨制它是两个核心在运行，党和政同时在运行。而且都是占有国家的政治资源和经济资源。党要财政负担，国家也要财政负担。都分别拿了国家财政部的老百姓交上来的税收钱。比如，所有的法制国家，美国、欧洲、英国、法国、德国啊，它们党是不用花国家一分钱的，也不用花老百姓——纳税人的一分钱。”
这种巨大的差别对待，在中国社会造成了极大民怨，要求取消双轨制的声音不断。中共人大财经委今年5月的调查显示，49%的被调查者对机关事业单位职工退休金和企业职工养老金的巨大差距表示不满。有网友讽刺，其余50%的人之所以不反对，是因为他们本身就是公务员群体。
巩胜利：“这种双轨制，造成了共产党所说的‘特色’也好，‘特权’也好，国家极大的不公平，不公平表现在几个方面，人的生存不公平，社会分配不公平，公民待遇不公平。”
据中共官媒报导，这次养老金双轨制“改革”的基本思路是“一个统一”，“五个同步”。一个统一，指的是党政机关、事业单位建立与企业相同，实行单位和个人缴费。五个“同步”就是机关与事业单位同步改革，职业年金与基本养老保险制度同步建立，养老保险制度改革与完善工资制度同步推进，待遇调整机制与计发办法同步改革，改革在全国范围同步实施。
对此，《中新网》引用中国社会科学院社会政策研究中心秘书长唐钧的解读称，“养老保险制度改革与完善工资制度同步推进”意味着，要求机关事业单位人员个人缴费的同时，也会对这一群体的工资进行相应调整。换句话说，就是公务员的工资将会普遍上涨，养老金并轨后，对机关事业单位人员待遇并没有影响。
有网友气愤吐槽：一边说公务员要交养老保险了，一边说要给他们加工资，这是开玩笑吧？
此外，《中新网》还引用上海大学社会学教授顾骏的分析表示：“国家本来只需支付已退休公务员的养老金，但现在还要想办法给在岗的公务员‘存钱’。”
有网民指出，双轨制其实是挡箭牌，后面的退休金差别数倍才是根本。破除这个挡箭牌，还可以拿另外一个挡箭牌，而不是取消挡箭牌，真是会玩文字游戏。
巩胜利：“老百姓现在都非常需要这个东西，它迎合了老百姓心态。但是做起来老百姓算不了数的，它没有法律约制啊，没有法律的运行机制啊！我就觉得它这个‘取消’（双轨制），是不是娱乐老百姓？”
虽然大陆民众期盼已久的养老金并轨方案终于拟定，但外界似乎并没有表现出应有的乐观。对老百姓而言，这一方案更像是“换汤不换药”，而且具体实施内容不知道要等到何时才会公布。
采访/陈汉 编辑/张天宇 后制/李智远
Dual Superannuation System to End as Pay Rises for Officials
Over a long time, the “unfairness" of two superannuation
systems in the mainland has received much public criticism,
and voices calling for the merger of the double system
have been incessant.
Recently, China’s official authorities released news
the pension reform program has been adopted,
which would “get rid of" dual systems,
along with a general pay rise for civil servants.
The public expressed dissatisfaction and believe that
the so-called “reform" is only superficial and playing
word games with the public.
According to China’s official news on Dec 23rd,
the State Council and the Standing Committee
of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
passed the reform program for dual pension systems.
In the future, government agencies and institutions will
be established with the same basic pension system,
but the details of the reform program were not published.
pays all the pensions of employees of government agencies
and institutions, but the pensions of employees of all enterprises
are paid for by the individuals and the enterprises
in accordance with certain criteria.
This leads to pensioners of government agencies
and institutions receiving as much
as two or three times that of pensioners of enterprises.
Mr Gong Shengli is a chief researcher of China’s internal reference
of national conditions, and he says: “Dual pension systems are
two kernels running, the party and the administrative systems
are both operating.
Both of them occupy the political and economic resources
of the country — the party produces the financial burden,
and the administrative system of the country as well.
Both of them spend the taxes paid by the taxpayers
through the Ministry of Finance. For example,
all of the legal systems including the United States, Europe,
United Kingdom, France and Germany,
the parties of a country do not spend a penny
of the country’s, nor the taxpayers’ dime."
Such a huge difference in treating the pensions of different
employees causes great grievances in Chinese society,
and voices calling for change never cease.
The Financial and Economic Committee
of the CCP National People ‘s Congress conducted a survey
in May, 2014.
49% of respondents expressed their dissatisfaction
with the huge gap between the pensions
of government employees and corporate employees.
Some netizens said sarcastically, the remaining 50% having
no objection is due to their identity as public servants.
Gong Shengli: “Such dual pension systems result
in great injustice in the country no matter what the CCP call it
a"feature of socialism" or “privilege".
The unfairness is reflected in a number ofaspects
including unfair human survival, unfair social distribution,
and unfair treatment of citizens."
According to reports by the CCP media, the basic idea
of the dual pension system “reform" is “one unification",
and “five synchronizations".
One unification is to develop the same pension payment system
for employees of government agencies and institutions
with employees of enterprises, which are both paid
by the employer and individual employee.
Five “synchronizations" is to synchronize the reform
of government agencies and institutions,
and the development of occupational pension
and basic pension insurance system,
the advancement of pension reform and the wage system,
the reform of payment adjustment mechanism and
the method of calculation,
and simultaneous implementation across the nation.
Regarding this end, “Chinanews" cited the interpretation
of Mr Tang Jun, who is the Secretary of Social Policy Research
Center of China Society Academy, and says,
“To synchronize the advancement of pension reform
and the wage system" means that when the employees
of government agencies and institutions have
their individual share,
the wages for them will be adjusted accordingly.
In other words, the general pay rise of civil servants will happen
after the merger of the dual pension system,
which has no impact on the welfare of employees
of government agencies and institutions.
Some netizens angrily said: on one hand it’s said
that the civil servants have to pay pension insurance themselves,
on another hand it’s said that they will receive a pay rise.
Is this a joke?
In addition, “Chinanews" also quoted the analysis
of a sociology professor at Shanghai University Gu Jun who said:
“The government originally only pay the pensions
for retired civil servants, but now they have to manage
to ‘save money’ for incumbent civil servants."
Some netizens pointed out that the dual pension system
is actually a shield, and multiple times income difference
behind the shield is fundamental.
If this shield is hit through another shield can be used.
They don ‘t want to cancel the shield.
They really want to play word games.
Gong Shengli: “People have a great need for this thing now,
and this caters to the way people are thinking.
But is this how to treat people, who have no say in it.
Because there is no legal restraint,
no legal mechanism to run it!
So I think to remove the dual-system
is actually to entertain the people?"
While the merger of the pension scheme, which has been
long-awaited by people on the mainland, is finally drawn up,
the public does not seem to show much optimism.
For the ordinary people, this program is more like a “a change
in form but not in content", and when the specific details
will be published is unknown.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/Zhang Tianyu Post-Production/Li Zhiyuan
