【新唐人2014年12月27日訊】長期以來，大陸養老金雙軌制一直因為「不公平性」，而備受公眾詬病，社會上呼籲並軌的聲音不斷。日前，中共官方傳出消息，養老金改革方案已經通過，將「破除」雙軌制，但相應將提高公務員工資。民間對此表示不滿，認為當局所謂的「改革」只是在用文字遊戲敷衍民意。
據中共官方12月23號消息稱，經國務院常務會議和中央政治局常委會審議，中國養老金雙軌制改革方案已經擬定。今後黨政機關、事業單位將建立與企業相同基本的養老保險制度，但改革方案具體內容卻沒有公布。
養老金雙軌制，指的是政府機關和事業單位職工的養老金不需要自己支付，直接由國家財政統一支付﹔而社會企業單位則由單位和個人按照一定標準繳納。而且政府機關和事業單位要比社會企業同等資職退休人員的退休金高兩到三倍。
北京國情內參首席研究員中國金融智庫研究員鞏勝利：「雙軌制它是兩個核心在運行，黨和政同時在運行。而且都是占有國家的政治資源和經濟資源。黨要財政負擔，國家也要財政負擔。都分別拿了國家財政部的老百姓交上來的稅收錢。比如，所有的法制國家，美國、歐洲、英國、法國、德國啊，它們黨是不用花國家一分錢的，也不用花老百姓——納稅人的一分錢。」
這種巨大的差別對待，在中國社會造成了極大民怨，要求取消雙軌制的聲音不斷。中共人大財經委今年5月的調查顯示，49%的被調查者對機關事業單位職工退休金和企業職工養老金的巨大差距表示不滿。有網友諷刺，其餘50%的人之所以不反對，是因為他們本身就是公務員群體。
鞏勝利：「這種雙軌制，造成了共產黨所說的『特色』也好，『特權』也好，國家極大的不公平，不公平表現在幾個方面，人的生存不公平，社會分配不公平，公民待遇不公平。」
據中共官媒報導，這次養老金雙軌制「改革」的基本思路是「一個統一」，「五個同步」。一個統一，指的是黨政機關、事業單位建立與企業相同，實行單位和個人繳費。五個「同步」就是機關與事業單位同步改革，職業年金與基本養老保險制度同步建立，養老保險制度改革與完善工資制度同步推進，待遇調整機制與計發辦法同步改革，改革在全國範圍同步實施。
對此，《中新網》引用中國社會科學院社會政策研究中心秘書長唐鈞的解讀稱，「養老保險制度改革與完善工資制度同步推進」意味著，要求機關事業單位人員個人繳費的同時，也會對這一群體的工資進行相應調整。換句話說，就是公務員的工資將會普遍上漲，養老金並軌後，對機關事業單位人員待遇並沒有影響。
有網友氣憤吐槽：一邊說公務員要交養老保險了，一邊說要給他們加工資，這是開玩笑吧？
此外，《中新網》還引用上海大學社會學教授顧駿的分析表示：「國家本來只需支付已退休公務員的養老金，但現在還要想辦法給在崗的公務員『存錢』。」
有網民指出，雙軌制其實是擋箭牌，後面的退休金差別數倍才是根本。破除這個擋箭牌，還可以拿另外一個擋箭牌，而不是取消擋箭牌，真是會玩文字遊戲。
鞏勝利：「老百姓現在都非常需要這個東西，它迎合了老百姓心態。但是做起來老百姓算不了數的，它沒有法律約制啊，沒有法律的運行機制啊！我就覺得它這個『取消』（雙軌制），是不是娛樂老百姓？」
雖然大陸民眾期盼已久的養老金並軌方案終於擬定，但外界似乎並沒有表現出應有的樂觀。對老百姓而言，這一方案更像是「換湯不換藥」，而且具體實施內容不知道要等到何時才會公布。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/張天宇 後製/李智遠
Dual Superannuation System to End as Pay Rises for Officials
Over a long time, the “unfairness" of two superannuation
systems in the mainland has received much public criticism,
and voices calling for the merger of the double system
have been incessant.
Recently, China’s official authorities released news
the pension reform program has been adopted,
which would “get rid of" dual systems,
along with a general pay rise for civil servants.
The public expressed dissatisfaction and believe that
the so-called “reform" is only superficial and playing
word games with the public.
According to China’s official news on Dec 23rd,
the State Council and the Standing Committee
of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
passed the reform program for dual pension systems.
In the future, government agencies and institutions will
be established with the same basic pension system,
but the details of the reform program were not published.
pays all the pensions of employees of government agencies
and institutions, but the pensions of employees of all enterprises
are paid for by the individuals and the enterprises
in accordance with certain criteria.
This leads to pensioners of government agencies
and institutions receiving as much
as two or three times that of pensioners of enterprises.
Mr Gong Shengli is a chief researcher of China’s internal reference
of national conditions, and he says: “Dual pension systems are
two kernels running, the party and the administrative systems
are both operating.
Both of them occupy the political and economic resources
of the country — the party produces the financial burden,
and the administrative system of the country as well.
Both of them spend the taxes paid by the taxpayers
through the Ministry of Finance. For example,
all of the legal systems including the United States, Europe,
United Kingdom, France and Germany,
the parties of a country do not spend a penny
of the country’s, nor the taxpayers’ dime."
Such a huge difference in treating the pensions of different
employees causes great grievances in Chinese society,
and voices calling for change never cease.
The Financial and Economic Committee
of the CCP National People ‘s Congress conducted a survey
in May, 2014.
49% of respondents expressed their dissatisfaction
with the huge gap between the pensions
of government employees and corporate employees.
Some netizens said sarcastically, the remaining 50% having
no objection is due to their identity as public servants.
Gong Shengli: “Such dual pension systems result
in great injustice in the country no matter what the CCP call it
a"feature of socialism" or “privilege".
The unfairness is reflected in a number ofaspects
including unfair human survival, unfair social distribution,
and unfair treatment of citizens."
According to reports by the CCP media, the basic idea
of the dual pension system “reform" is “one unification",
and “five synchronizations".
One unification is to develop the same pension payment system
for employees of government agencies and institutions
with employees of enterprises, which are both paid
by the employer and individual employee.
Five “synchronizations" is to synchronize the reform
of government agencies and institutions,
and the development of occupational pension
and basic pension insurance system,
the advancement of pension reform and the wage system,
the reform of payment adjustment mechanism and
the method of calculation,
and simultaneous implementation across the nation.
Regarding this end, “Chinanews" cited the interpretation
of Mr Tang Jun, who is the Secretary of Social Policy Research
Center of China Society Academy, and says,
“To synchronize the advancement of pension reform
and the wage system" means that when the employees
of government agencies and institutions have
their individual share,
the wages for them will be adjusted accordingly.
In other words, the general pay rise of civil servants will happen
after the merger of the dual pension system,
which has no impact on the welfare of employees
of government agencies and institutions.
Some netizens angrily said: on one hand it’s said
that the civil servants have to pay pension insurance themselves,
on another hand it’s said that they will receive a pay rise.
Is this a joke?
In addition, “Chinanews" also quoted the analysis
of a sociology professor at Shanghai University Gu Jun who said:
“The government originally only pay the pensions
for retired civil servants, but now they have to manage
to ‘save money’ for incumbent civil servants."
Some netizens pointed out that the dual pension system
is actually a shield, and multiple times income difference
behind the shield is fundamental.
If this shield is hit through another shield can be used.
They don ‘t want to cancel the shield.
They really want to play word games.
Gong Shengli: “People have a great need for this thing now,
and this caters to the way people are thinking.
But is this how to treat people, who have no say in it.
Because there is no legal restraint,
no legal mechanism to run it!
So I think to remove the dual-system
is actually to entertain the people?"
While the merger of the pension scheme, which has been
long-awaited by people on the mainland, is finally drawn up,
the public does not seem to show much optimism.
For the ordinary people, this program is more like a “a change
in form but not in content", and when the specific details
will be published is unknown.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/Zhang Tianyu Post-Production/Li Zhiyuan
