【新唐人2014年10月11日讯】高校科研经费腐败，在中国大陆已经不是什么秘密，虽然媒体年年曝光，但被侵吞挪用的科研经费金额却一年高过一年。大到买房买车，小到吃喝嫖赌都可以报销，科研经费已经成为名符其实的“私人提款机”。
据中共官媒报导，中共中央纪律检查委员会巡视组今年在各地视察时发现，大陆高等院校和研究机构腐败问题极为严重，大量科研经费被挪作他用，吃喝玩乐，或流入了个人腰包，养肥了一批又一批的“蛀虫”。
原首都师范大学教育科学学院副教授李元华：“在中共来讲，它整个社会风气就是一个贪腐的社会 。它以贪腐的方式来治国，所以整个的学校、科研部门、高校都染上了贪腐的习气。所以经费也被有些人挪为他用或者变成自己的小金库，这种现象很普遍。”
报导说，中纪委巡视组对中国人民大学、复旦大学等多所高校进行了调查，至少18名高校领导被点名通报，其中包括中国人民大学招生就业处原处长蔡荣生、东华理工大学校长刘庆成、河南警察学院院长毛志斌等﹔此外还有5名高校党委“一把手”，包括辽宁医学院原党委书记张立洲、齐鲁工业大学党委书记徐同文等人。
对此，山东大学退休教授孙文广指出，与西方国家不同，大陆的政治体制使得中国高校不再是一个简单的教书育人的地方，而是当局的一个衙门、中共官场的一部分。大权往往被中共官员把持着，这些人，通常既是高校的领导干部，又是科研项目负责人，根本无从监管。
山东大学退休教授 孙文广：“现在的高等学校实行的‘党委领导制’，这个制度是存在着很大问题的。高等学校不应该由一个党委作为领导的主要成员。现在大陆的很多高等学校基本上是党委书记主宰着很多的重大事务，权力很大。那么这样，他就可以利用他的权力寻求他个人的利益，这也是中国目前的政治体制决定的。”
中国科研经费全世界排名第二，但出的科研成果却少的可怜。据中共国家统计局报告显示，近年来，政府用于“研究与试验发展”的经费支出，平均每年增长超过千亿元，2012年更是超过1万亿元。但据中国科协的调查估算，真正能用于科研项目本身的资金仅占40%左右。
李元华：“今天中国在科研经费上它并不是一个理性的分配，那么实际上是由部分的学霸来把持，他们来瓜分最顶级的科研经费。就是从申请经费，到批准经费，到运用经费，它各个环节都有腐败的，所以它一环一环，最后导致它这个很多科研经费，虽然有大量的投入，但是真正用于科研的很少了就。”
令人奇怪的是，科研经费被挪用的现象已经存在很多年，但是至今有关科研项目的立项、审批、经费的使用和监管都存在着巨大漏洞，也没有一部系统的相关法律出台。相反，有些极为不合理的规定和设置却一直存在着，甚至出现了很多高校为花不完科研经费发愁的怪现象。
李元华：“最主要一个就是它经费有时候不能正常下来，比如说年初你需要钱的时候它没有，到年底的时候突然有一笔钱，很大的，你没处去用。他要让你在很短的时间把这一大笔钱都用掉。就是你想用到正处都没法用到正处，所以你只能乱花，你不花他就要收回去。0534它这种经费发放的时候它也不是正常的。从那个审批到发放、到使用，各个环节都有问题。”
外界普遍认为，科研经费的滥用，仅仅是高校腐败的一部分，而高校腐败又只是官场腐败的一个延伸，已经不是单纯建立监管机制，或改革科研经费管理制度的问题，如果根子烂了，再怎么修剪枝叶也无济于事。
采访/陈汉 编辑/张天宇 后制/肖颜
Shocking University Corruption Allows Daily Expenses
To Be Reimbursed
Corruption in universities’ research funds is no secret in
China, the amount of embezzled research funds is growing,
despite the media exposures every year.
From car and house payments, to daily expenses, they all can
be reimbursed, research funds have become a “personal ATM."
According to Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) official media’s
reports, inspection teams of the Central Discipline Inspection
Commission have found extremely serious corruption issues.
This being in mainland’s universities and research
institutions during this year’s inspection.
A large amount of research funds were being diverted to other
uses such as personal enjoyment expenses, or embezzled by
individuals, batch after batch of “worms" have fattened up.
Former Associate Professor of Education Science School,
Capital Normal University, Li Yuanhua: For the CCP,
its entire social climate has been corrupted.
It uses corruption to rule the nation, so corruption infected
all schools, research departments and universities.
Therefore research funds are embezzled by some people for
other uses or personal treasury, it is a common phenomenon.
Reports said, inspection teams investigated many universities
including Renmin University of China, Fudan University.
At least eighteen universities’ heads were named
in the investigation bulletin.
Former director of enrollment and employment at Renmin
University of China, Cai Rongsheng, Donghua University
president, Liu Qingcheng, and Henan Police
College president, Mao Zhibin, are all included.
In addition, there are five “top leaders" of the university
party committee, including former party secretary of Liaoning
Medical University Zhang Lizhou, and party secretary
of Qilu University, Xu Tongwen.
In this regard, retired professor of Shandong University,
Sun Wenguang pointed out, unlike Western countries,
mainland’s political system makes university not just a
simple educating place, but a part of the CCP authority.
CCP officials often controlled the real power, they are both
universities’ heads and heads of research projects,
under no supervision.
Professor Sun Wenguang: Nowadays universities implement
a “party leadership system".
This system has serious problems.
The party committee should not become a major member of
the leadership of the universities.
Now many universities’ major affairs are basically
dominated by party secretaries, they have great power.
In this way, he can use his power to pursue his own interest,
this is also determined by China’s current political system.
China’s research funding ranks second in the world, but the
number of scientific research achievements is quite poor.
According to National Bureau of Statistics of China,
government expenditures for research and experimental
development has an average annual growth of more than
one hundred billion yuan (US$ 16,3 billion) in recent years.
In 2012, it was more than 1 trillion yuan (US$ 163 billion).
However, according to investigations by China Association
for Science and Technology, only forty percent of the funds
are used for real research projects.
Professor Li Yuanhua: China’s research fund does not have
a rational allocation, in fact it is dominated by some people,
they carve up the funds of top projects.
From funds application, to its approval and use, corruption
exists in each link, hence, although many research funds
have a large number of inputs, but the proportion used for
real research is quite small.
It is strange, despite the phenomenon of diverted research
funds has existed for years, but the related projects still
have huge loopholes in its establishment, approval, use of
funds and supervision so far.
There is no introduction of any systematic regulations.
In contrast, many extremely unreasonable rules and settings
still exist, a strange phenomenon of universities worrying
about not being able to spend all research
funds also appeared.
Li Yuanhua: One main reason is the fluctuating funds
allocation time, for example, the funds are not allocated when
you needed the funds at the beginning of the year.
It was only allocated to you at the end, but you have
no use of such large sums.
It forces you to spend all the money in a short
period of time.
You can not spend all the money through proper uses,
so you can only spend it for other uses, since the remaining
money will be taken back.
The allocation time is not regular, from approval to
allocation and use, every link has problems.
It is widely believed that the misuse of research funding is
just a part of university corruption, which is just an
extension of official corruption.
It is not just a problem of establishing regulatory
mechanisms, or reform of the management system of research
funding, if the root is rotten, pruning it will be useless.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/Zhang Tianyu Post-Production/XiaoYan
