【新唐人2014年10月11日訊】高校科研經費腐敗，在中國大陸已經不是甚麼秘密，雖然媒體年年曝光，但被侵吞挪用的科研經費金額卻一年高過一年。大到買房買車，小到吃喝嫖賭都可以報銷，科研經費已經成為名符其實的「私人提款機」。
據中共官媒報導，中共中央紀律檢查委員會巡視組今年在各地視察時發現，大陸高等院校和研究機構腐敗問題極為嚴重，大量科研經費被挪作他用，吃喝玩樂，或流入了個人腰包，養肥了一批又一批的「蛀蟲」。
原首都師範大學教育科學學院副教授李元華：「在中共來講，它整個社會風氣就是一個貪腐的社會 。它以貪腐的方式來治國，所以整個的學校、科研部門、高校都染上了貪腐的習氣。所以經費也被有些人挪為他用或者變成自己的小金庫，這種現象很普遍。」
報導說，中紀委巡視組對中國人民大學、復旦大學等多所高校進行了調查，至少18名高校領導被點名通報，其中包括中國人民大學招生就業處原處長蔡榮生、東華理工大學校長劉慶成、河南警察學院院長毛志斌等﹔此外還有5名高校黨委「一把手」，包括遼寧醫學院原黨委書記張立洲、齊魯工業大學黨委書記徐同文等人。
對此，山東大學退休教授孫文廣指出，與西方國家不同，大陸的政治體制使得中國高校不再是一個簡單的教書育人的地方，而是當局的一個衙門、中共官場的一部分。大權往往被中共官員把持著，這些人，通常既是高校的領導幹部，又是科研項目負責人，根本無從監管。
山東大學退休教授 孫文廣：「現在的高等學校實行的『黨委領導制』，這個制度是存在著很大問題的。高等學校不應該由一個黨委作為領導的主要成員。現在大陸的很多高等學校基本上是黨委書記主宰著很多的重大事務，權力很大。那麼這樣，他就可以利用他的權力尋求他個人的利益，這也是中國目前的政治體制決定的。」
中國科研經費全世界排名第二，但出的科研成果卻少的可憐。據中共國家統計局報告顯示，近年來，政府用於「研究與試驗發展」的經費支出，平均每年增長超過千億元，2012年更是超過1萬億元。但據中國科協的調查估算，真正能用於科研項目本身的資金僅佔40%左右。
李元華：「今天中國在科研經費上它並不是一個理性的分配，那麼實際上是由部分的學霸來把持，他們來瓜分最頂級的科研經費。就是從申請經費，到批准經費，到運用經費，它各個環節都有腐敗的，所以它一環一環，最後導致它這個很多科研經費，雖然有大量的投入，但是真正用於科研的很少了就。」
令人奇怪的是，科研經費被挪用的現象已經存在很多年，但是至今有關科研項目的立項、審批、經費的使用和監管都存在著巨大漏洞，也沒有一部系統的相關法律出臺。相反，有些極為不合理的規定和設置卻一直存在著，甚至出現了很多高校為花不完科研經費發愁的怪現象。
李元華：「最主要一個就是它經費有時候不能正常下來，比如說年初你需要錢的時候它沒有，到年底的時候突然有一筆錢，很大的，你沒處去用。他要讓你在很短的時間把這一大筆錢都用掉。就是你想用到正處都沒法用到正處，所以你只能亂花，你不花他就要收回去。0534它這種經費發放的時候它也不是正常的。從那個審批到發放、到使用，各個環節都有問題。」
外界普遍認為，科研經費的濫用，僅僅是高校腐敗的一部份，而高校腐敗又只是官場腐敗的一個延伸，已經不是單純建立監管機制，或改革科研經費管理制度的問題，如果根子爛了，再怎麼修剪枝葉也無濟於事。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/張天宇 後製/肖顏
Shocking University Corruption Allows Daily Expenses
To Be Reimbursed
Corruption in universities’ research funds is no secret in
China, the amount of embezzled research funds is growing,
despite the media exposures every year.
From car and house payments, to daily expenses, they all can
be reimbursed, research funds have become a “personal ATM."
According to Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) official media’s
reports, inspection teams of the Central Discipline Inspection
Commission have found extremely serious corruption issues.
This being in mainland’s universities and research
institutions during this year’s inspection.
A large amount of research funds were being diverted to other
uses such as personal enjoyment expenses, or embezzled by
individuals, batch after batch of “worms" have fattened up.
Former Associate Professor of Education Science School,
Capital Normal University, Li Yuanhua: For the CCP,
its entire social climate has been corrupted.
It uses corruption to rule the nation, so corruption infected
all schools, research departments and universities.
Therefore research funds are embezzled by some people for
other uses or personal treasury, it is a common phenomenon.
Reports said, inspection teams investigated many universities
including Renmin University of China, Fudan University.
At least eighteen universities’ heads were named
in the investigation bulletin.
Former director of enrollment and employment at Renmin
University of China, Cai Rongsheng, Donghua University
president, Liu Qingcheng, and Henan Police
College president, Mao Zhibin, are all included.
In addition, there are five “top leaders" of the university
party committee, including former party secretary of Liaoning
Medical University Zhang Lizhou, and party secretary
of Qilu University, Xu Tongwen.
In this regard, retired professor of Shandong University,
Sun Wenguang pointed out, unlike Western countries,
mainland’s political system makes university not just a
simple educating place, but a part of the CCP authority.
CCP officials often controlled the real power, they are both
universities’ heads and heads of research projects,
under no supervision.
Professor Sun Wenguang: Nowadays universities implement
a “party leadership system".
This system has serious problems.
The party committee should not become a major member of
the leadership of the universities.
Now many universities’ major affairs are basically
dominated by party secretaries, they have great power.
In this way, he can use his power to pursue his own interest,
this is also determined by China’s current political system.
China’s research funding ranks second in the world, but the
number of scientific research achievements is quite poor.
According to National Bureau of Statistics of China,
government expenditures for research and experimental
development has an average annual growth of more than
one hundred billion yuan (US$ 16,3 billion) in recent years.
In 2012, it was more than 1 trillion yuan (US$ 163 billion).
However, according to investigations by China Association
for Science and Technology, only forty percent of the funds
are used for real research projects.
Professor Li Yuanhua: China’s research fund does not have
a rational allocation, in fact it is dominated by some people,
they carve up the funds of top projects.
From funds application, to its approval and use, corruption
exists in each link, hence, although many research funds
have a large number of inputs, but the proportion used for
real research is quite small.
It is strange, despite the phenomenon of diverted research
funds has existed for years, but the related projects still
have huge loopholes in its establishment, approval, use of
funds and supervision so far.
There is no introduction of any systematic regulations.
In contrast, many extremely unreasonable rules and settings
still exist, a strange phenomenon of universities worrying
about not being able to spend all research
funds also appeared.
Li Yuanhua: One main reason is the fluctuating funds
allocation time, for example, the funds are not allocated when
you needed the funds at the beginning of the year.
It was only allocated to you at the end, but you have
no use of such large sums.
It forces you to spend all the money in a short
period of time.
You can not spend all the money through proper uses,
so you can only spend it for other uses, since the remaining
money will be taken back.
The allocation time is not regular, from approval to
allocation and use, every link has problems.
It is widely believed that the misuse of research funding is
just a part of university corruption, which is just an
extension of official corruption.
It is not just a problem of establishing regulatory
mechanisms, or reform of the management system of research
funding, if the root is rotten, pruning it will be useless.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/Zhang Tianyu Post-Production/XiaoYan
