【新唐人2013年05月21日訊】中國大陸在今年7月即將畢業的近700萬大學生中，多數人還沒有找到工作。
官方媒體表示，現在的應屆畢業生就業率低於以往。中共新領導層對中國經濟放緩、失業率上升，也表現出憂慮。總理李克強警告，在解決高校畢業生的就業方面，中國面臨空前挑戰，「如果這個人群中的大批人心懷不滿，他們可能會對中共的統治構成威脅。」
中國教育部的數據顯示，2013年全國普通高校畢業生規模達到699萬人，比2012年增加19萬人，刷新記錄。官方媒體報導，今年高校畢業生約佔新進人力資源市場勞動力的一半，再加上還沒有就業的21萬2012屆畢業生，就業壓力前所未有。
截止今年4月底，擁有眾多名校的一線城市—-上海以及廣東，畢業生的簽約率大多低於30％，比往年要低10個百分點。其中名校雲集的北京市只有28％應屆畢業生找到工作。另外，據介紹，目前高校研究生招生一般實行差額複試制度，5月研究生錄取結果公布後，將有近20%的考研複試生落榜，未來就業市場競爭激烈。
山東大學退休教授孫文廣表示，造成高校畢業生就業難的情況，與中國的教學體制有關。他指出，學校為了利益，根本不考慮社會的需要，每年都在「擴招」。
山東大學退休教授孫文廣：「多了以後可以收學費，可以增加學校的收入，可以發獎金。這樣拚命的儘可能的多招，擴建校舍、擴建學生的宿舍等，這樣就把教育產業化了。」
山東濟南大學陳老師：「它這個擴招的比例比較大，學生畢業也多了，再一個，一些編製，現在國家制定的政策是延緩退休，這一塊對他們壓力也比較大。」
孫文廣指出，中國現在的市場產出過剩，有很多企業面臨倒閉，這也是就業難的其中一個原因。
孫文廣：「現在經濟增速下降，一年、兩年解決不了。」
大陸《經濟參考報》報導，今年又逢宏觀經濟低於預期增長，和計劃招聘崗位數的下降，據2月初對近500家用人單位的統計，今年計劃招聘崗位數同比平均降幅接近15%，前來找工作的應屆畢業生紛紛感嘆「壓力山大」。
華南師範大學曾同學：「去年找到的就相對會難一點，今年4、5月份那些就不是太好。去年一般那些大型企業都會在去年那時候招，今年最後都是中小企業，待遇福利就不是特別高。可能有些人就是確實也比較難找，就沒有說一定對工作要求標準可能會降低。」
「華南師範大學」這名曾姓同學透露，有些畢業生由於專業脫節，只好重新去學。
曾同學：「有些專業確實脫節了，我們學校會計、人力是那些比較需求，找得都比較對口的，工作也稍微容易找到一點，像電子商務、資訊管理這些就相對難一點。不一定對口，很多時候都要重新來學的，大部分知識都重新學起。」
中共新領導層對中國經濟放緩、失業率上升，也表現出擔憂。上週二，國家主席習近平出人意料的走訪了「天津市人力資源發展促進中心」，與現場的招聘人員和應聘大學生進行了交談。另外，國務院總理李克強在上週一舉行的國務院電視電話會議上警告，在解決創記錄數量的高校畢業生就業方面，中國面臨一個空前的挑戰。
孫文廣：「有的大學生畢業以後找不到工作，他可能想到社會體制的問題，現在國家不尊重人權，官員腐敗，他們就有可能彙聚成一股力量，要推動社會的變革。」
在中國現代歷史上，心懷不滿的學生多次發揮了強大作用，包括1919年的社會運動、和1966年至1976年的文化大革命，以及1989年天安門廣場抗議等。
採訪/朱智善 編輯/唐睿 後製/王明宇
Seven Million University Students Find It
Difficult To Get A Job
7 million university students will graduate in July in
Mainland China, but the majority haven’t allocated a job yet.
Chinese media said that the students’ employment rate is
lower than previous years.
The new leaders also worried about the slowdown of the
economy and rising unemployment.
Premier Li Keqiang warns that China faces unprecedented
challenges in addressing the employment of graduated students.
“If the majority of the students are disgruntled, this might be
a threat to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)”.
There are about seven million students graduating
from universities in 2013.
This is 0.19 million students more than 2012,
which breaks the history record.
Official media reported that this year’s graduated university
students will take 50% of the new human resources market.
There were 1/4 million graduated but have no jobs in 2012,
those unemployment figures became extreme pressure.
By the end of April, only 30% of graduates found jobs in
Shanghai and Guangdong, 10% less than previous years.
In Beijing, only 28% of graduates found jobs.
Sources said that now postgraduate students will
need to take exams again.
When the exam result were announced in May, 20% of them
failed. There is fierce competition in the job market in the future.
Sun Wenguang, a retired professor in Shandong University
said that China’s education system is the leading cause.
Sun said that, in order to gain interest, the universities didn’t
consider the needs of society, so increased enrolment every year.
Sun Wenguang: “To increase the enrolment numbers
can get more fees, adding to the income and bonus.
They try their best to enrol more students,
expanding school buildings and campuses.
This way, the education system changes to
commercial business.”
Teacher Chen, Jinnan University, Shandong: “The proportion
of enrolment is large, so graduated students numbers increased.
Another reason is the retirement age has extended,
this is also a big pressure for them.”
Sun Wenguang said that China markets have excess output,
so many companies face bankruptcy.
This is one reason causing the unemployment.
Sun Wenguang: “Now the economic growth is declining.
It can not be solved in a couple of years.”
Economic Information newspaper in
Mainland China reported that in 2013
the stimulated macro-economic growth is lower
than expected, and the number of plans have declined.
In February, a survey on 500 companies shows that nearly
recruitment is reduced by 15% compared with last year.
The students said that the pressure is too heavy.
Mr. Zeng in South China Normal University: “It is harder to
find a job compared to last year.IApril/May, it wasn’t very good.
Big companies normally will employ some students then.
this year only small and medium companies did.
The welfare isn’t very high. Some people do find it difficult to
get work, they didn’t determine to set a standard for a job.”
Zeng said that some students’ subject are not practical,
they have to study a new subject from the beginning.
Zeng: “Some courses are really not practical. In our school,
Accounting and Human Resources are easy to find jobs.
But E-Business and Information Management
are more difficult to get jobs in.
We have to study a new course again,
most knowledge needs to be learned again.”
The CCP new leadership are worried by the slowdown
of economy and the increasing levels of unemployment.
Last week, leader Xi Jinping visited Tianjin Human Resources
Development Promotion Centre, talking to staff and students.
Premier Li Keqiang said in a telephone conference that China
faces an unprecedented challenge to solve employment problems.
Sun Wenguang: “Some graduated students can’t find jobs.
It may be the problem of the social system.
Now the country didn’t respect human rights,
and officials are corrupt.
The students may become a power,
pushing the society to reform.”
In China’s modern history, angry students
have played an important role;
In the 1919 social movements, from1966 to 1976 the Cultural
Revolution, and the Tiananmen Students Movement in 1989.
