【新唐人2014年09月12日讯】大陆的“教师节”刚刚过去，媒体上爆出教育领域的不公平现象，也越来越多。例如：学生是否能上好学校，取决于父母的社会地位与金钱。另外，各地有不少教师，在抗议中度过了“教师节”。显示出目前的教育体系，也给教师带来不少困惑。古人说：“师者，所以传道、受业、解惑也。”当学生和教师都处于困惑中，谁能解惑？又如何认识这些乱象呢？请听专家学者们的解读。
哈佛大学在读硕士高雨莘，在大陆“教师节”前夕发表文章，题目是《中国日渐扩大的教育不平等》。文章揭示，北京当局“造就了一个欺贫凌弱的体制：以官僚阻挠和收入门槛拖累着社会下层力争上游的步伐”。高官、富商，还是农民工，父母的地位和金钱越来越明显的决定了儿女们受教育的机会。
原北京大学副教授焦国标对教育界的这些现象有一定了解，他介绍，现在大陆好一点的学校，普遍留给金钱很大的空间。比如说：一个好学校每年能招1000个学生，其中真正按分数招来的，可能只有200人，剩下的800个名额，学校就要求交各种赞助费等。
原北京大学副教授焦国标：“那有钱的，他就可以拿些钱，然后他们的孩子就分数少一点，也可以进这样的学校。那有的家庭的孩子，分数考得很好，但是没有进入比如说前200名的分数，那他家没有钱，他就不能上比较好的学校。根源是它设定了这样一个门槛。”
高雨莘还在文章中回忆说，自己母亲就读北京大学时，同学的家庭背景完全不同。然而，在接下来的几十年里，经济开放不仅带来了巨额财富，还带来了收入不均，这些都让中国顶尖高校圈子里的多样性近乎荡然无存。
台湾心理学博士、教育专家陈彦玲：“它跟整个社会的价值观有关系的，你看‘文化大革命’的时候，它可以让一个人去打自己的老师。尤其对教师这个领域，它现在讲究的是‘速成’，教育它是‘循序渐进’，还要‘有教无类’，他不能去挑学生的。”
台湾心理学博士、教育专家陈彦玲表示，大陆当局对传统文化和理念的系统性破坏，造成教育体系急功近利，教师也无法遵循“有教无类”的教育原则。
陈彦玲：“如果他不是用他的理想、他的精神、他的热忱，去付出，那他一定要得到回来钱，因为他看重的是钱。如果今天它整个的社会已经变得，1000个人其中有800个人是用钱可以买的，这绝对不是教育的本质。”
陈彦玲介绍，在台湾，“教师节”是孔子的生日——9月28号。台湾设立“教师节”就是用孔子的生日提醒所有的教师，要坚持正确的教育理念。
焦国标指出，这种不公平的现像在大陆普遍存在，是因为当局的整个理念有偏差。
原北京大学副教授焦国标：“本来政府各个机关、各个机构，他们本来是给社会提供服务的，可是（他们）追逐金钱，各个公权力部门去谋取个人的一些利益或者部门的利益。最后导致什么呢？应该他们提供的基本的服务都出现问题，根本上是一个政府决策出现了错位。”
除了学生中的不公平现象，大陆浙江、河北、安徽和新疆等多省的民办教师、代课教师，在10号“教师节”当天，到北京上访。他们申诉的问题包括：老无所养、病无所医，以及合法身份等。外界感叹，教师如此度过“教师节”，实在是莫大的讽刺。
大陆教育培训业专业人士孟醒介绍，大陆的教师从管理上，被分成代课老师和有编制的老师。
大陆教育培训业专业人士孟醒：“编制就是政府规定的人员，人员不够用，那可能他就临时再招进一批，编外的就成了代课老师。正式编制的老师（的钱）是由国家财政统一发的，代课老师（的钱）是地方财政或者学校直接发的，所以差别很大。同工不同酬，这肯定是不公平。”
同一天，湖北孝感高中的将近160名教师，也用在学校门口静坐抗议的方式，送走了“教师节”。他们打出的牌子上写着“孝高老师的泣泪血诉”。据了解，原因是孝感高中在搬迁后，因欠债扩招学生，并增加教师招聘，导致这些教师的编制问题多年一直没能得到解决。
采访编辑/唐音 后制/舒灿
It’s Teachers’ Day Again, Who can Solve the Education Confusion?
More and more inequalities in education have been reported
by mainland Chinese media following Teachers’ Day.
For example: Whether students can get into good schools
depends on their parents’ money and social status.
In addition, a lot of teachers spent Teachers’ Day in protest.
It shows that a lot of teachers are unhappy
with the current education system.
The ancients said: “A teacher is one who passes on the way,
educates and dispels confusion and doubt."
Who can dispel confusion when teachers
and students are in confusion themselves?
How is one to understand such chaos?
Let’s hear what some of the experts and scholars are saying.
Gao Yuxin has a Harvard University Master degree in reading.
Gao published an article before China’s Teachers’ Day,
titled, “Increasing Unfairness in Chinese Education".
The article says Beijing authorities have created a system that
enables students whose parents have power or lots of money
to go to school, but blocks those in lower class society from
getting into the university they want, even they try hard.
It’s becoming more and more clear that whether it’s senior
officials, businessman or famers, the parents’ position
and money decides their kids’ education opportunities.
Former Peking University associate professor Jiao Guobiao
is knowledgable about the education sector.
He says a number of mainland schools these days
leave a lot of spaces for students with money.
For example, a good school recruits 1,000 students each year.
However, only 200 students can be recruited based on their
marks; students wishing to take one of the remaining 800
spots will be required to pay all kinds of sponsorship fees.
Jiao Guobiao: “The kids from rich families can go to the same
school with poor marks and some money.
However, some with high marks, but lower than the first 200
students, still can’t go to good school due to lack of money.
The reason is because they set such a threshold. “
Gao recalled in the article that when his mother enrolled
at Peking University, the students’ family background was
completely different.
But in the following decades, economic liberalization has
not only brought enormous wealth, but also brought inequality
which nearly eliminates the diversity of top universities.
Chen Yanling, doctor of psychology and education specialist:
“It’s related to the whole society’s values.
Just look at how people beat their teachers
during the Cultural Revolution.
Especially the education area emphasizes crash courses now.
Education is a step by step process and should be accessible
to all; they can’t pick the students."
Chen says the systemic damage to the traditional culture
and philosophy from the mainland authorities
has resulted in a profit-oriented education system; teachers
can’t follow the education principle of “no class distinction”.
Chen Yanling: “If he [a student] isn’t accepted based on his
ideals, his spirit and enthusiasm, then he should keep his
money; because all he [such schools] value is money.
If 800 people can be received using the money among 1000
people today, it’s absolutely not the education essential."
Chen explains that in Taiwan, Teachers’ Day is on
the day of Confucius’s birth – September 28.
The establishment of Taiwan Teachers’ Day is to remind all
teachers to stick to the correct education philosophy using
Confucius’s birthday.
Jiao Guobiao says that such unfair phenomena are normal in
mainland China because the authorities concepts are biased.
Jiao Guobiao: “The government agencies and institutions are
supposed to provide services to the community, but they chase
money and each public authority seeks personal or
departmental interests.
What’s the end result?
This results in all kinds of problems with the basic services
that they are supposed to provide.
It is basically a government decision dislocation. “
In addition to student inequality, several private teachers and
substitute teachers from Zhejiang, Hebei, Anhui and Xinjiang
and other provinces went to Beijing to petition on the Sept. 10,
Teachers’ Day in mainland China.
They face problems including retirement plans, medical plans
as well as legal status.
Observers say it’s sadly ironic for teachers
to celebrate Teachers’ Day like this.
Mainland education and training professional Meng Xing says
the mainland teachers have been classified into substitute
teacher and official teacher based on the management.
Meng Xing: “The government hires official teachers;
if it’s not enough, they would hire some more as substitutes.
There is big difference because the officially hired teachers are
paid by the national financial system; the substitute teachers
are paid by local financial system or the school.
It’s obviously unfair for the same position
to be given different payment."
On the same day as the teachers’ protest, 160 high school
teachers in Hubei also held a sit-in at the front of their school
to celebrate “Teachers’ Day".
Their banner said,
“Xiaogao teachers appeal in tears and blood”.
These teachers’ compiling problems haven’t been resolved
for many years because the increasing student recruitment
and hired teachers in debt after the school’s relocation.
Interview & Edit/Tang Yin Post-Production/Su Cang
