【新唐人2014年08月27日讯】最近，中纪委巡视组承认95%的省份都存在地产腐败问题。面临8月将开始进行土地财政审计，有媒体说，很多官员会“睡不着觉”。不过专家指出，中共历年都有土地财政审计，追究力度却一直“雷声大雨点小”，只有恢复土地私有制，才能从根本上杜绝地产腐败问题。
据大陆媒体报导，国家审计署将从8月中旬开始，对过去6年的地方土地出让收支、土地征收、储备、耕地保护，以及土地执法等情况进行审计。其中，2008年到去年的6年当中，地方政府总计约15万亿元的“土地出让金”，将成为审计重点之一，而核心问题包括低价，或零地价，甚至负地价出让土地、以及出让后，擅自改变规划条件等等。
8月初，在巡视组进驻上海和江苏之际，党媒说，巡视组发现95%的省份地产腐败严重，专家建议，对房地产腐败进行专项巡视。
实际上，在近期的反腐中，房地产也是落马官员涉案最多的领域，而土地领域更是腐败“重灾区”。
大陆维权律师谢燕益：“在土地开发土地开发，土地出让的过程中，所谓‘公有制’，‘国有制’，其实变相成了‘官有制’，成了公权力或者专制权力所有，他们来分享这个利益。说得好听点叫‘分享’，说得难听点叫‘分赃’。人民的土地，变相的成了他们官僚权贵的资产了，不管从公平的角度，还是效益的角度都是于民于国有害无益的。”
当年轰动一时的“周正毅案”，就是时任上海市委书记黄菊，把上海黄金地段“东八块”以零地价的方式，出让给当时的首富周正毅。实质上，是变像的给了当时的党魁江泽民等权贵，造成无数家庭流离失所、家破人亡。上海著名画家何声钦，就是因为“东八块”强拆而死，至今尸骨还躺在太平间。
而近年来因为官员圈地，强占强拆民房，造成自焚、自杀、挖掘车直接碾死土地使用者等暴力事件，一直在不断的上演。
业内人士透露，因为土地成为各地官员和地方政府生钱的“活水源”，在土地出让过程中，存在相当大暗箱操作的空间，“权力寻租”现象也非常普遍。
另外，由于地方政府违规、变相减免土地出让金、用地单位拖欠土地出让金，以及部分土地出让金并没有未纳入基金预算管理等等问题，屡屡出现，在前几年审查后，追究的力度往往“雷声大雨点小”。
谢燕益：“必须进行产权的明细，进行市场经济，充份保证私有制，私有制是天然的权利。在这个前提之下，国家可以授权政府管理我们的公共事务，但只是一部分，这一部分公共事务，是人们公共利益的一些交集。”
除了少数几个共产主义国家外，在全世界都是土地私有制。中国历史上几千年来也是土地私有，只有共产党进入中国，夺取政权后，进行所谓“土改”，才出现了所谓“土地公有制”、“国有制”。
谢燕益：“由于公有制，由于意识形态，一些所谓的历史的原因，造成了我们现在一无所有，我们这些公民们生下来什么都没有，而且我们很多权利被取夺，被官僚权利所垄断，被专制权力所限制，这是不合理的。造成大多数人是‘不得利益者’和‘利益受损者’，那么这个社会怎么维系呢。”
每经智库专家蔡慎坤指出，中国房地产越来越脱离民生的本质，当蚁族拥挤在城市的地下室，为生计奔忙未来愁苦时，官员却通过权力，轻而易举获得大量土地房产，以及花不完的黑钱，从而导致中国日趋严重的贫富分化、以及官民对立、仇官仇富的情绪。
采访/易如 编辑/刘惠 后制/李勇
Public Land Ownership Blamed for China’s Rampant Real Estate Corruption
The inspection team of the Central Commission for Discipline
Inspection admitted recently that 95 percent of provinces
being audited have real estate corruption problems.
It is reported that with the real estate and finance audit
launched in August, many officials wouldn’t sleep well at night.
Some experts pointed out that though China already conducted
audits on real estate and finance over the years, they turned out
to be deceptive shows.
As a result, only after private land ownership is
restored can real estate corruption be rooted out fundamentally.
According to Chinese media reports, the National Audit Office
launched an audit in mid-August to check local governments’
land transfer payments, land acquisitions, land reserves,
farmland protection, and the enforcement of land laws
in the past six years.
Among others, a total of about 15 trillion yuan of the land
transfer fees collected by local governments over the past
six years since 2008 is one of the primary targets for auditing.
The core issues being investigated include selling land with
lower prices, zero land price, or even negative land prices
as well as changing planning conditions after the transfer,
and so on.
In early August, when the inspection team visited Shanghai
and Jiangsu Province, CCP-affiliated media reported that
the inspection team found that 95 percent of provinces
audited have serious corruption problems.
Some experts suggested that an exclusive audit
on real estate corruption be launched.
In fact, in the recent anti-corruption campaign, real estate was
the field that involved the largest number of government
officials accused of corruption, while land trading was also
a hard hit field.
Chinese civic rights lawyer Xie Yanyi: “In the process of land
development and land transfer, so-called public ownership
and state ownership have in fact turned into “official ownership."
They have become the privileges for law enforcers and
autocratic rulers to share the interests.
In other words, they are sharing the bribes.
People’s land became the bureaucratic elites’ private asset.
Regardless of whether we look at it from the perspective of
fairness or effectiveness, it is detrimental not only to the country
but also to the people."
Take the high-profile Zhou Zhengyi case for instance.
Former Shanghai Party Secretary Huang Ju sold the most
expensive land in Shanghai’s Eastern Eight Blocks to the
richest magnate Zhou Zhengyi with zero land price.
In fact, it was transferred to the powerful party leaders
including Jiang Zemin etc., making many people
destitute and homeless.
Famous painter He Shengqin in Shanghai died due to the
forcible demolitions in the Eastern Eight Blocks,
and his corpse is still lying in the morgue.
In recent years, violent cases of self-immolation, suicide, and
crushing land users’ bodies with excavators, etc. resulting from
officials’ enclosure of land, forcible appropriation or
demolition of private houses, have occurred continually.
Insiders disclosed that land has become the “living source"
of wealth for various local governments and officials at all levels.
During the process of land transfer, there is considerable room
for secret manipulation, and, “power rent-seeking" is also a
commonly seen phenomenon in China.
In addition, because local governments’ illegal waiver or
reduction of land transferring fees, land using agencies’ default
on land transferring fees, and local governments’ failing to
include land transferring fees in budget or management funds,
various problems occurred one after another.
But the results of dealing with these problems after the audit
was launched were not as was expected over the years.
Xie Yanyi: “Detailed registration of property, adopting market
economy system and full guarantee of private ownership are
what we must do.
Private ownership is a right by nature. Under this premise,
the nation may authorize the government to manage our public
affairs.
But it’s only the part of public affairs, which is the common
area of public interest."
Apart from a few communist countries, private land ownership
is adopted across the world.
Private land ownership had existed in China for thousands
of years throughout history.
Public land ownership and state land ownership
did not exist until the so-called “land reform" was launched
by the Chinese Communist regime after it took power.
Xie Yanyi: “Due to public land ownership, rigid ideology
and some historical reasons, we own nothing.
The citizens own nothing after we are born.
Besides, many of our rights have been removed, monopolized
by bureaucratic rights, restricted by autocratic power,
which is by all means unreasonable.
It has made most people become non-beneficiaries and
impaired stakeholders.
Then how can this society be maintained peacefully?"
NDB Think Tank expert Cai Shenkun pointed out that China’s
real estate situation is further and further away from the nature
of the people’s livelihood.
When average people are crowded in the basement and worried
about their livelihood, officials easily acquire lots of land
property by abuse of power.
As well as that, they have a large sums of money through
corruption.
It has resulted in the worsening divide of wealth, confrontation
between officials and ordinary people as well as people’s
hatred of officials and the rich.
Interview/YiRu Edit/LiuHui Post-Production/LiYong
