【新唐人2014年04月19日讯】甘肃兰州市日前爆发自来水“苯”超标事故后，大陆的水污染问题再度备受关注。据中共环保部最近发布的一项调查结果，有2亿8,000万大陆居民使用不安全的饮用水。专家指出，在大陆，水污染无处不在，饮用“问题水”的人数，可能远远超过2.8亿。
兰州市自来水10号下午被检测出“苯”严重超标，14号，兰州市政府已宣布恢复正常供水，但不少民众仍对污染源以及“苯”快速大幅下降等原因，存有疑虑。
大陆《第一财经日报》指出，“饮用水源地安全”问题，引发民众强烈关注。据中共环境保护部3月14号发布的消息，全中国有2亿8,000万居民使用不安全饮用水，从水源地水质保护、取水、输水、水处理、配水到终端用水，水质安全问题，在每一个环节都开始集中爆发。
“北京清华大学环境学院饮用水安全教研所”教授张晓健，他在接受媒体采访时表示，“兰州水污染”事故发生后，如果把原因披露、剖析，会发现事故不再是意外。兰州的自来水污染绝不是个案，它反映了大陆城市供水普遍存在的问题。
兰州这一次事故中，“威立雅水务集团”受污染的自流沟，被数家化工企业包围。《中国青年报》报导说，一些业内专家认为，像兰州这样被重化工企业包围的城市，躲不过饮用水安全危机。然而，在中国大陆，约有81%的化工、石化建设项目，布设在江河水域、人口密集区域。
报导引述“中国环境科学院环境安全基地”首席专家刘征涛的话说，饮用水的安全，与水源地、自来水厂的处理过程、以及管道输送等三个环节相关，从现状来看，水源地的安全风险最高。
浙江杭州环保维权人士陈法庆：“中国的饮用水的不安全因素很多，最主要的原因是环境污染造成的，现在中国的河流，百分之80左右都不同程度的存在着污染的问题，主要来源于一些化工企业。”
据了解，大陆有近70%的人口饮用地下水。据报导，“中国工程院”院士王浩等专家研究发现，由于工业废水和生活污水的排放、农药的使用、垃圾场的淋滤和地下油罐的渗漏等原因，地下水正遭受越来越严重的污染。
北京民间水专家张峻峰：“我们现在实际上只看到表面的、一个点状的工业污染的情形，而且工业污染的体系容易出现这种极端事件，但在我们日常生活之中，农业的、农药的污染，和我们生产生活的污水的污染，我们却每天都见到，但每天我们都孰视无睹。因此，污染的水的状态，按我的说法，应该是无处不无的。”
在管道输送环节上，中共“住房和城乡建设部”多年前曾调查数百个城市的供水管网，发现管网质量普遍低劣。
张峻峰：“大概50年代左右开始建设的，这些管道长年运行，在输送的过程中，有一些维护的问题，还有其他各个方面的问题，促使水在管道里流动的过程中，形成了一部分污染。另一因素是，现在的供水方式，基本上属于二次供水，自来水厂加压下来之后，流入居民楼的供水水箱，这个供水的储水箱，长时间暴露于空气中，它的安全可以说是最大最大的隐患。”
《第一财经日报》报导，近年来大陆城市供水水质问题不断，各地接连发生的停水事件，让居民拧开水龙头时，便担心流出来的会不会是“毒水”。这表示，喝不上安全饮用水的人数，可能远远超过2.8亿。
张峻峰：“在北京的自来水里面，我们依然会找到这种堆积的东西，或者这种污染的状况，比如说他的各项指标，在出厂的时候，它的很多指标看上去是比较合格的，但是在居民的水龙头流出来的，却是和出厂的指标相差很大的。在北京这样一个管理很严格的地方，都是这种状态的话，更何况其他地区。”
“世界卫生组织”报告显示，大陆每年因饮用被污染的水，而腹泻死亡的人数达9万5,600人。
采访/朱智善 编辑/陈洁 后制/孙宁
Over 280 Million Chinese People Exposed to Unsafe Drinking Water
An outbreak of benzene-tainted drinking water in Lanzhou
has brought concern over drinking water safety in China.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Ministry of
Environmental Protection reported that 280 million
Chinese are exposed to polluted drinking water.
Experts suggest that water pollution in China
has been so severe that there are many more
people are at risk than suggested by CCP statistics.
Seriously high levels benzene was detected in
the drinking water in Lanzhou City on April 10.
CCP authorities have claimed that
the problem has been resolved.
However, Chinese people are skeptical about the source
of contamination, and how it could be removed so quickly.
China Business News reported that the safety of
drinking water sources has been a concern for people.
On March 14, a Ministry of Environmental Protection
news release indicated that there are an estimated
280 million residents using unsafe drinking water in China.
Water pollution outbreaks are taking
place in the water supply chain.
This can take place at the water source, within the
transportation pipelines, at the treatment plants,
distribution systems, and at the faucets themselves.
Professor Zhang Xiaojian from the Division
of Drinking Water Safety, School of Environment,
Tsinghua University, spoke in an interview.
Professor Zhang said analysis of Lanzhou water pollution
suggests that this incident was not an isolated case.
In fact, it is a reflection of the common
water supply problems in urban China.
Take the latest tainted water incident as an example.
The water supplier, Lanzhou Veolia Water Company’s
culverts were surrounded by numerous chemical plants.
China Youth Daily reported that experts believe
a heavily industrialized city such as Lanzhou is
evidently at risk of drinking water contamination.
In China, about 81% of chemical and petrochemical
plants are located at water sources and in populated areas.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
researcher Liu Zhengtao spoke to mainland state media.
Among the three links of drinking water safety;
the source, the treatment at the plant and the
pipeline; the water source is the point at highest risk.
Chen Faqing, Hangzhou environmental activist: “There are
many factors in China that contribute to the drinking water
safety concerns. Environmental pollution is the main factor.
Around 80% of rivers in China are at varying degrees
of pollution, which is mainly from chemical plants.”
Nearly 70% of Chinese people drink groundwater.
According to research reports by the Chinese Academy
of Engineering, groundwater is at serious risk of pollutants.
This includes from industrial wastewater, domestic
sewage discharge, use of pesticides, leaching of
waste, and leakage from underground oil pipelines.
Zhang Junfeng, Beijing environmentalist: “They’re superficial
incidents of industrial pollution, which tend to be acute.
However, in our daily lives, we see pollution everywhere.
From agriculture, pesticides, and sewage, but we have
ignored them. I would say water pollution is everywhere.”
As for water pipelines, the CCP Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development has surveyed hundreds of cities.
It identified a wide distribution of unfit pipelines.
Zhang Junfeng: “They were built around the 1950s.
Years of running water have warranted maintenance
issues, and many other issues that caused pollution.
Nowadays, water is also supplied through a water tower
to residential buildings after treatment by a water plant.
The towers which have been exposed to
the air are just another big safety concern.”
China Business News said that tainted water
incidents have caused people to be constantly
worried about drinking water safety.
It is also considered that affected population
could be far greater than 280 million residents.
Zhang Junfeng: ”In Beijing tap water, we
still find deposits or incidents of pollution.
For instance, quality indicators could be quite normal at the
water plant, but the water from the residential tap is far off.
If this is the situation commonly seen in
Beijing, it is only worse in other areas of China.”
The World Health Organization has reported that
polluted drinking water has caused as many as
95,000 Chinese people to die of diarrhea every year.
