【新唐人2014年02月10日讯】自中国大陆高校扩招以来，每年毕业大学生数量猛增，“大学生就业难”问题，也日益突出和严峻。去年大学应届毕业生总数，达到近700万，被称为“史上最难就业年”。然而，去年的大学生大部分还在艰难的寻找工作，今年又将有更多的毕业生“新鲜出炉”。网友说：2014就业，没有最难，只有更难。
今年中国大陆高校毕业生将达到727万人，比去年还要多出28万人。去年被称为“史上最难就业年”，因此今年又被网友称为“更难就业年”。
大学生就业难在中国已经不是新鲜话题，从1999年全国高校扩招开始，已经初现端倪，随着每年毕业生数量的激增，大学生就业形势也变得越来越严峻。往往是前一年的毕业生还没有找到工作，后一年的毕业生又加入了找工作大军，结果造成失业的大学生越来越多。
据中国目前最大分类信息网站之一《赶集网》，针对2013应届毕业生就业情况的调查报告显示，截至2013年5月31号，全中国仍然有83.2%的应届生没有找到工作。
福建“宁德师范高等专科学校”毕业的小芳，去年刚结束学业出社会找工作。
2013年应届毕业生小芳：“压力大哦，工作不好找，要找一个适合自己的也比较难啊！”
与不断增加的毕业生比例相反的是，企业提供的岗位数量却在不断缩水。以2013年为例，毕业生比2012年增加了3%，但岗位数量同比却下降了15%。就业市场供求关系的严重失衡，使得尽管用人单位不断提高就业门槛，仍有很多高材生趋之若鹜。
但学历高，并不代表就业更容易。据中国研究机构“麦可思研究院”的调查显示，2013年应届硕士毕业生的就业签约率，仅有26%，还不到三成。
可是今年即将从山东“师范大学”毕业的本科生小白，正准备就读研究所。
山东师范大学应届毕业生小白：“因为我们这个专业，如果毕业之后想进高校当老师的话，因为它那个最低学历就是研究生，所以说就得必须要有这个学历做为一个支撑，所以不得不去读研究生。本科毕业的话，那个就业面更加受限制一些，很多学校的门槛直接给卡住了。”
对于造成中国大学生就业难的原因，各专家学者众说纷纭，但综合起来，就是大陆经济体制、教育体制和社会体制深层矛盾的具体体现。
教育专家们认为，大陆各高校盲目扩招，使得大学生数量增加，但素质却普遍下降，加上社会脱节而又死板的应试教育、与社会需求不匹配的专业及课程设置，使大多数高校毕业生，根本不具备企业所需要的基本职业能力。
原首都师范大学教育科学学院副教授李元华：“中共把教育作为一种产业，而不是作为一种培养人才的一个机制，那么它为了扩招而扩招，而降低教育质量，实际上很多毕业生并不能适应市场的需要。高等教育扩招以后，其实很多人根本没有达到受高等教育的水平，但是也是在扩招过程中挤进了高等学校的门槛，这种人，真正去就业的话，实际上也是得不到市场认可的。”
小芳：“专业不对口，限制多啊！就是你念出来的专业，跟自己找到的工作都不一样，感觉念跟没念一样，而且在学校学到的东西也没什么用。反正我就觉得我们专业没用。”
经济、社会学家则认为，中国经济的疲软下滑、虚假繁荣、片面追求GDP增长，造成的产业结构不平衡，使得农民工“用工荒”与大学生就业难并存。另外，各种黑箱操作造成的就业机会不平等，就业竞争不公正等，都是造成大学生就业难的因素。
李元华:“整个机制就是这样，真正有作为的，有抱负的人，并没有施展抱负的环境。”
评论人士指出，造成大学生就业难的矛盾和现象，已经存在多年，中共当局也非常清楚问题所在。即便如此，它们也不会作出任何改善措施。因为一旦改革，必然触及利益集团，而这些中共官员，怎么甘愿损失自身的利益，来换取百姓的就业机会？
采访编辑/张天宇 后制/ 君卓
Employment Is beyond “Most Difficult” When College Graduates Reach New Record in 2014
The number of annual college graduates has been sharply increasing
since colleges expanded enrollment in China.
It’s more and more challenging for college students to locate a job.
Last year (2013), about 7 million college students graduated, and
it was called “a year of being more difficult to locate a job.”
When students that graduated last year are still looking for jobs
with varying difficulty, a lot more fresh graduates
are stepping out of school gates this year.
Regarding this, internet users said:
To look for a job in 2014, it’ll only be harder.
This year about 7.27 million college students are going to graduate
in China, 280 thousand more than last year.
Thus, this year has been called
“a year of being more difficult to locate a job.”
It’s not a new topic: “how difficult for a college graduate
to find a job” in China.
Since 1999, colleges started expanding enrollment across the country.
With the number of annual graduates shooting up,
the employment situation is getting more and more challenging.
While graduates from former years are still searching for jobs,
graduates of this year also join the army of job seekers.
Therefore, unemployed graduate numbers snowball.
“Ganji.com”, one of the biggest classified information websites,
published an investigative report on the employment situation
of 2013 college graduates. It shows that about 83.2% of the graduates
hadn’t found a job yet by May 31, 2013.
Xiao Fang, a graduate from “Ningde Teachers College”,
graduated and started looking for a job last year.
Xiao Fang: “I’m so pressured. It’s very difficult to find a job.
It’s even more difficult to find a job that fits me.”
In contrast with the increasing number of graduates,
there are fewer and fewer openings available.
Take 2013 as an example: the number of graduates has increased
3% since 2012. Whereas the number of job openings
has decreased 15%. The relationship between supply and demand
has totally lost its balance. Even if a lot of business units
require more skills, a lot of gradates still pursue the positions eagerly.
A higher education degree doesn’t mean it’s easier to find a job.
Based on the investigation of “Mycos Institute”,
a research structure in China, it shows that only 26% of the graduates
who graduated with a master degree in 2013 have found a job.
It is even less than one third of the total.
Xiao Bai is going to graduate from “Shan Dong Teachers College”
this year. He is planning to work on his master degree afterwards.
Xiao Bai: “As of our major, if you want to teach in a college,
you’ll at least need to have a master degree.
An education degree is a fundamental requirement in our field,
so I have to pursue my master degree. There are a lot more limitations
if I only have a bachelor degree.
A lot of schools won’t give those graduates with bachelor degree
any opportunities.”
The reason why it’s so hard for college graduates to find a job,
different people have different views. But, generally speaking, it embodies
the deepening conflicts among China’s economic, educational and social systems.
Educational specialists state that colleges’ expanding enrollment
has caused the sharp increase in the number of students.
While, the quality of education has dropped in general.
In addition, the rigid “examination-oriented education system”
and curriculum set up have failed to provide students
with basic professional abilities.
Li Yuanhua, former associate professor of Educational Science from
“Capital Normal University”, “The party has been dealing with education
as a ‘property’, not as a system to cultivate talents.
In order to expand enrollment, it has lowered educational quality.
Thus a lot of graduates cannot adapt to market needs.
After enrollment expansion, a lot of graduates
that are not good enough also receive admission from colleges.
For this category of students, they cannot be recognized in the labor market.”
Xiao Fang: “There are a lot of jobs that don’t match my major or
have a lot of limitations. Sometimes, the job you find is totally
irrelevant to your major. I just feel that the knowledge I’ve learned
from college is kind of useless.
It seems that my major doesn’t have any practical values. ”
Economists and socialists state that the combination of a shrinking economy,
fake prosperity and sheer pursuit of GDP growth
has caused the imbalance of the industrial structure.
The shortage of migrant workers and unemployment of college
graduates coexist. In addition, all kinds of “black-box operations”
have caused the inequality of job opportunities and unjust competition.
All of those factors have contributed to the unemployment of
college students.
Li Yuanhua: “The whole system is like this. Talents with ambition
cannot find a place to realize their aspirations in China. ”
Some commentators pointed out the phenomena and conflicts about
the unemployment of college students have existed for years.
The party clearly knows where the problem is rooted.
Even so, it won’t do anything to change the situation.
Because, once it makes any reforms, it’ll touch the interest groups.
The party’s officials will never sacrifice their own benefit of interest
in exchange for more job opportunities for ordinary people.
Interview & Edit/zhangtianyu Post-Production/Junzhuo
