【新唐人2013年10月12日讯】一份针对美国在华经营企业的调查报告显示，美国企业对中国的投资热情减弱。其中，成本增加、中国经济增速放缓、和常年的市场准入壁垒等，是主要原因。曾经蜂拥而来的海外投资，那份热情为何在短短几年间减退呢？一起来听听专家的分析。
据媒体报导，美中贸易全国委员会本周四发布的一项调查报告显示，把中国列为最重要海外市场的公司数量继续下降。今年，仅有15%的受访公司把中国列为最重要的海外市场，而去年这一比例为22%。同时，仅有52%的企业，打算在未来一年内扩大在华经营的规模，这一比例在一年前为67%。
这份报告还列举了美国企业在中国面临的十大挑战。位于前三位的分别是成本上涨、来自中国本土企业的竞争、和行政注册。
美国南卡罗莱纳大学艾肯商学院教授谢田：“成本上涨是众所周知的。一个是劳动力价格上涨，主要是因为通货膨胀太严重。工资也在上涨。中国本土企业的竞争，实际上是很含蓄的在说中国那些仿冒、盗版非常猖獗，使得外国的产品几乎没办法和这些山寨的产品来公平竞争，这个实际是产权的最大问题。”
在过去几年间，中国的劳动力成本以两位数的水平飙涨，这让一些美国制造商搬离中国。在2011年和2012年，在华美企都把人力资源作为最大的问题，他们表示很难在中国寻找到合适的人才。
上海美国商会2月28号发布的《2012-2013中国商业报告》，显示在华美国企业连续两年盈利水平下滑，主要也是因为人力成本不断上升，以及中国经济放缓的问题。
此外，高昂的租金成本，也让一些扎根多年的“老店”撤离。
今年6月底，美商星巴克咖啡集团关闭了位于北京国贸商城一层的店面。这家店是“星巴克”在中国大陆的首家店。
有媒体估算，“星巴克国贸店”一年的租金和人工成本超过700万元，租金可能是三期的两倍，而且还有逐渐水涨船高的势头。
今年3月，在北京长安商场经营20年的“麦当劳”速食店关门谢客。
而全球零售巨头“家乐福”，在过去的三年已经在大陆关闭了至少6家店。
至于行政注册的挑战，谢田指出，实际是中共体制僵化及官僚腐败盛行的问题。外国企业发现他们要想在中国成功，就必须打通关系，可能处处被迫参与行贿。而这些在西方国家来说，都是违法的。
除此之外，据报导，受访企业对于它们在与中国本土企业竞争中，遭受中共当局的不公正待遇，感到担忧。
谢田：“这个是有的，中共是偏袒它的国有企业的。实际上中国的民营企业、中小资本、中小企业也同样受到这种不公正待遇。不光是政策上的歧视，还有银行贷款和其他法规、行政官员、地方官员的联系上，处处都体现这种区别的对待。”
8月21号，英国《路透社》引述一名消息人士的话指称，中共发改委在7月底召集了大约30家外企，要求他们“坦白”垄断行为，并且警告这些外企，如果对抗，对它们的罚金将会翻倍。
中国金融分析师任中道指出，这就是中共在耍流氓。
中国金融分析师任中道：“大家现在都在讨论一个问题，就是政治向左，经济向右。经济向右就是要做改革，因为被迫已经没有出路了。它不改革的话，经济崩溃会导致它政权的崩溃。它对一些外企，比如医药、奶粉，还有一些进口的车辆，在反垄断，它煽动起这种民族情绪。它其中就有一种不公正的对待。”
谢田表示，上述问题并非近来才出现，只不过中国目前整体经济急剧恶化，这些问题越来越浮现水面，外资企业也因此大大减退了他们在中国投资的热情。
采访/易如 编辑/王子琦 后制/孙宁
New Report: the Enthusiasm of US Investment in China Waned
A report of US enterprises in China showed that the
enthusiasm for US investment in China weakened.
The main reasons include increasing costs, China’s economic
slowdown and perennial market access barriers, etc.
How can the passion of swarms of foreign investors wane in
just a few years?
Let’s listen to the expert’s analysis.
According to the media, the US-China Business Council
released a report on Thursday showing that the number of
companies who put China as the most important overseas
market continues to decline.
This year, only 15% of respondents named China as the most
important overseas market, while it was 22% last year.
Meanwhile, only 52% of enterprises intend to expand in
China in the coming year, while it was 67% one year ago.
The report also listed ten challenges for
American enterprises in China.
The top three are increasing costs, competition from
local enterprises in China and administrative registration.
USA, University of South Carolina, Aiken Business School
Professor, Xie Tian: It is well known that there are
two reasons for rising costs.
One is labor costs are increasing which is mainly because
of inflation being too severe.
The other is wages are rising.
Chinese local enterprises competition implied rampant
counterfeit and piracy mean the foreign product can’t
compete fairly against fake products.
This is the biggest problem involving property rights.
。
In the past few years, China’s labor costs’ have grown in
double digits causing some U.S. manufacturers to
move away from China.
From 2011 to 2012, the biggest problem for US enterprises in
China was the difficulty in finding the right talent.
The 28th February, Shanghai American Chamber of Commerce
released the 2012-2013 China Business Report showing the
main reasons of US enterprises consecutive two years sliding
profitability in China are increasing labor costs increasing
and China’s economic slowdown.
In addition, the high rental costs make some foreign
businesses close down after years of operation.
June of this year, the US Starbucks coffee group closed a
store in Beijing International Shopping Mall.
This was the first Starbucks store in China mainland.
Some media estimates state that the Starbucks international
store has more than 7 million yuan in rental and
labor costs in per year.
The rent may be doubled and even has a corresponding rise.
In March, McDonald’s closed a store at Chang An
Shopping mall in Beijing.
The global retail giants “Carrefour" has closed at least six
stores in China in the past three years.
Xie Tian pointed out that the administrative registration
challenge exists, because of rigid system and
bureaucratic corruption in China.
To succeed in China, foreign companies have to participate
in bribery everywhere to make it through.
This is illegal in Western countries.
In addition, it is reported that the companies surveyed have
suffered unfair treatment from the communist authorities
in competing with local enterprises in China.
Xie Tian: Since the communist authorities favor its
state-owned enterprises, China’s private enterprises,
small and medium enterprises are also affected by injustice.
The discrimination is not only in policy, but also bank
loans and regulations, administrative officials and
local officials’ connections.
You can find different treatment everywhere.
August 21, British Reuters quoted sources saying, the China
Development and Reform Commission convened with about 30
foreign companies to confess their monopolistic behavior and
warned that their fines would be double if they resisted.
China financial analyst Ren Zhongdao pointed out that the
Chinese Communist Party is bullying.
China financial analyst Ren Zhongdao: the problem we are
discussing now is that the politics turn “left" and
economics turn “right".
The economics turn “right" means we have to undergo economic
reform because there is no way out.
Without economic reform, economic collapse will lead to
the collapse of the regime.
In 2011, for foreign companies including medicine, milk, and
some imported vehicles, the CCP is preventing
them from acting as a monopoly.
It stirs up nationalist feeling of antitrust and there might
be unfair treatment.
Xie Tian said that the problem appearing recently is because
of China’s overall economy is rapidly deteriorating.
With these problems increasingly surfacing, the enthusiasm
for foreign investment has been greatly diminished.
