【新唐人2013年09月25日讯】最近大陆媒体刊登一篇名为“收入的真相”专题，内容指出，中国2011年的“灰色收入”达到6万2千亿元人民币，大约占了国内生产毛额(GDP)的12%。但作者进一步分析发现，“灰色收入”有向某些中、高收入阶层蔓延的趋势，说明腐败对中国社会的影响面在扩大。
“中国改革研究基金会国民经济研究所”研究员王小鲁的调查报告“收入的真相”，近期在大陆媒体发表。
基于2012年的调查数据，作者完成了新的研究报告，研究结果显示，估计2011年城镇10%最高收入家庭的“实际人均收入约为18.8万元”，是统计收入的3.2倍。
而城镇最高收入与城镇最低收入各10%家庭之间，收入比是20.9倍，远高于官方统计显示的8.6倍。“绝对收入”的差距和“灰色收入”总量仍在继续扩大。2011年，城镇居民收入基尼系数为0.501。
初步推算，2011年居民“灰色收入”为6万2千亿元，约占GDP的12%，主要集中在一部分高收入居民。但分析发现，“灰色收入”有向某些中高收入阶层蔓延的趋势，说明腐败对社会的影响面在扩大，社会面临严重挑战。
美国南加州大学公共政策博士叶科：“现在在中国这个社会，是一个两极分化非常严重，机会极不公平的社会，资源配置是取决于与权力的距离，而且这种权力是高度垄断的，腐败严重，所以越有权力的人，离核心权力越近的人，资源就会越来越多。然后越有条件攫取下一次机会，所以造成这样的恶性循环，就是穷者越穷，富者越富。”
调查认为，改善收入分配，绝不是仅仅依靠“调整工资”和“个人所得税起征点”能够解决的。而造成收入差距过大和分配不公，是因为一系列体制问题没有得到根本解决，收入分配混乱的局面没有得到控制，收入分配的绝对差距还在继续扩大。
作者推算，城镇居民收入基尼系数已经进入了一个危险的区间，已对中国的社会公正、稳定和经济发展产生十分严重的挑战。
美国南加州大学公共政策博士叶科：“因为穷人他根本就没有机会，他根本就没法过日子，所以经济上内需他根本不可能解决的了，人没有这样的公平感，非常强烈的仇富心理，各种社会矛盾会激化，而且穷人连教育机会，很多的发展机会都会被剥夺，所以整体社会以后一定会被分裂，这个社会它不可能健康的发展。”
据了解，中国的灰色收入有三大特点，第一是谋取对像“公款化”，主要渠道是各种直接或变相的“化公为私”，第二是谋取方式“集团化”，简单的说，就是单位巧立名目滥发奖金、补贴，人人有份。第三是存在氛围的“正当化”，一些公务人员以各种理由和借口，使自己心安理得的接受“灰色收入”。
分析认为，灰色收入的膨胀与中共当局大规模投资有关。因为在公权力没有受到约束的情况下，执政当局介入资源配置，是导致公共资金流失、腐败泛滥的重要条件。
美国资深经济分析师简天伦：“尤其是对资源垄断的行业，这些灰色收入特别多，就像石油、电力、电讯、天然气等等，国企的上市，本来资产都是国有的，就是全民所有，就是全中国人的，按道理来说，可是他一改制，国企上市了以后，圈钱圈了很多钱，圈的这个资金怎么分配？他钱多了，就变成又有总经理、又有CEO的，这个钱他们自己说了算。”
中共央企高管高薪不受制约、缺乏透明，最引人讨论的莫过于“新华人寿”原总裁孙兵。根据审计报告，孙兵2009年的年薪已达 750万元。
最近爆发的广州市国营企业“白云农工商联合公司”经理张新华，贱卖国有土地、物业，收取巨额贿赂，涉案金额超过3亿元。
采访/陈汉 编辑/黄亿美 后制/郭敬
What Happens to China’s 6.2 Trillion in Gray Income?
Recently, a Mainland media outlet published an article
entitled The Truth About Gray Income, which indicated
that gray income in 2011 was as high as 6200 billion yuan,
equivalent to 12% of the GDP.
The author discovered that the gray income has a tendency
to further spread among medium and high income groups.
This explains that the impact of corruption is widening
in Chinese society.
Wang Xiaolu, China Reform Foundation researcher, published
his investigation report entitled The Truth About Gray Income.
Based on the 2012 survey, Wang completed his new report.
The results showed that 10% of the highest income, urban
household per capita, was about 188,000 yuan, which was
3.2 times income statistics.
The earning ratio between 10% of the highest and lowest
incomes was 20.9 times, and far exceeded the official statistics of 8.6 times.
The gap between absolute income and gray income
continues to increase.
Urban residents’ income Gini Coefficient was 0.501
in 2011, with 0 being fair and 1 being the most unfair.
According to preliminary projections, residents’ gray income
in 2011 was 6.2 trillion, accounting for 12% of GDP.
The gray income mostly occurred in some high-income
residents.
After analysis, Wang discovered that gray income
has a tendency to further spread, indicating the impact
of corruption is increasing in society, which poses
serious challenges.
Dr.Ye Ke, public policy, University of Southern California:
“Chinese society is quite polarized and extremely unfair.
Allocation of resources is determined by power, monopoly
and serious corruption.
The closer to the core of power, the more resources one can
get and more likely to obtain the next opportunity.
This turns into a vicious cycle; the poor become poorer,
and the rich richer.”
Improvement of income distribution cannot be resolved by
wage adjustments and personal income tax threshold.
Too large an income gap and unfair allocation come from
a system that has not resolved its fundamental issues.
Income distribution chaos is not under control,
and thus, the income gap continues to expand.
According to Wang’s projections, residents’ income
Gini Coefficient has entered a dangerous zone, which
creates serious challenges for China’s social justice,
stability and economic development.
Ye Ke: “When the poor have no chance, they cannot survive
and their economic needs are not met.
When injustice intensifies, so will social conflicts.
If the poor have no opportunity to get an education and their
basic living cannot be guaranteed, society cannot develop.”
It is understood that China’s gray income
has three unique traits.
The first is that public funding, directly or indirectly,
is turned into private spending.
The second is that funding is turned into bonuses
or subsidies, so everyone benefits.
The third is that various excuses are made to turn gray income
into justifiable income, so one can gain peace of mind.
Analysts believe that gray income expansion is linked
to massive investments from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Power without constraint leads to loss of public resources
and widespread corruption.
Jian Tianlun, US senior economic analyst: “Such gray income
commonly comes from monopolized resources, such as
the oil sector, electricity, telecommunication,
and natural gas, etc.
These are state-owned enterprises and their assets belong
to all people in China.
Now they make so much money, but how should they
distribute it?
Thus, they set up presidents and CEO’s, who make decisions
on what to do with profits.”
The CCP’s corporate executives have no wage limits
and lack transparency.
Sun Bin, the president of New China Life Insurance,
was most talked about.
His annual salary reached 7.5 million yuan in 2009.
Zhang Xinhua, the president of Baiyun Agricultural
and Commercial Corporation, sold state-owned land cheaply
and received huge bribes of more than 300 million yuan.
