【新唐人2013年04月10日讯】周一，享年87岁的英国前首相撒切尔夫人中风去世。她虽已离开政坛多年，但许多香港人却不能忘记：31年前，她摔倒在北京人民大会堂前的一幕。这一摔，掀起了中、英两方针对香港前途问题谈判的序幕。1984年，撒切尔夫人签下中英联合声明﹔1997年，香港由英国交到中共手上。撒切尔夫人是否对得起港人？各路评说不一。
1982年，撒切尔夫人访华，她向中共前领导人邓小平提出以“主权换取治权”，也就是1997年后，由英国人继续管理香港。但被邓小平拒绝。
经过中、英双方多次谈判，直到1984年，英方愿意交出香港主权，当年底，撒切尔夫人与时任中共总理赵紫阳在北京签署《中英联合声明》。
2007年，香港回归10周年，撒切尔夫人在“英国广播公司”的访问中说，交还香港令她感到“悲伤”。
撒切尔夫人在香港问题上是否对得起港人？各界褒贬不一。
香港《开放》杂志总编辑金钟认为，撒切尔夫人是一位了不起的政治家，她在香港的一国两制和民主自由方面都付出了心血。
香港《开放》杂志总编辑金钟：“香港回归到中国，按照法定的正式名称应该叫做香港主权回归，实际上香港主权回归，香港治权是没有回归的，香港最后管制的权力是港人治港，而不是交给共产党来统治，所以我想，今天香港的一国两制，香港的自由和正在发展中的民主，都同撒切尔夫人，她任英国首相期间的处理香港问题上的努力和贡献分不开。”
不过，“一国两制”、“港人治港”50年不变，早已成了中共“党人治港”。
香港回归近16年来，还没有实现一人一票普选，港人被国民教育洗脑，影艺圈“被和谐”、正体字变成简体字等等，导致数十万港人多次走上街头抗争。上个月中旬，香港媒体推出民调，有92%的人支持香港重新回归英国管制。
而香港《信报》专栏作家王岸然在“脸书”上狠批撒切尔夫人，说她是今天香港人受苦的源头。他说，1979年，撒切尔修改国藉法，将享有英藉的港人贬为外国人﹔“六四”后，撒切尔又一口拒绝“港人居英权”。
有“推特”网友认为：“撒切尔夫人本来可以名垂青史，可惜最后晚节不保，把香港出卖给了黑帮，被永远钉在了历史的耻辱柱上。”
时事评论员刘锐绍则批评，英国在谈判期间，只将香港作为筹码来与中共讨价还价，是在为英国争取最大利益。
而香港作家、自由撰稿人张成觉指出，评判一个人应该结合历史条件，不能脱离现实去苛责历史人物。
香港作家和自由撰稿人张成觉：“居英权毕竟没什么实际意义，香港人获得居英权，未必去英国，他只是要一个保险，但是从英国民众这个角度，你一下来一、两百万人，那就是一种灾难。”
至于说撒切尔夫人向中共妥协，张成觉认为是不可避免的趋势，因为当时英国已经没有了抗衡中共的力量。
张成觉：“应该肯定撒切尔夫人她是一个很坚定的，坚持自由主义，反对共产主义的这么一个历史人物，并且她为埋葬苏联东欧集团做出了极大的贡献，说他是为了英国人的利益，那有什么奇怪的，作为国家领导人，首先要维护本国民众的利益，这是无可非议的。”
撒切尔夫人是英国历史上唯一的女首相，她在1979年5月出任首相，1983年6月连任，1990年11月辞职，曾与美国总统里根联手反共。在内政方面，撒切尔夫人将国家由福利主义困境中解救出来，影响遍及英联邦先进国家及香港。
采访编辑/李韵 后制/钟元
How Hong Kong People View Margaret Thatcher’s Death
On Monday, Margaret Thatcher, the former British
Prime Minister, died of a stroke at the age of 87.
Although she left the political arena several years ago,
many Hong Kong people cannot forget how she fell down
the steps of the Great Hall in Beijing, 31 years ago.
Her very fall set off the negotiations for
the future of Hong Kong.
In 1984, Margaret Thatcher signed the
Sino-British Joint Declaration.
It stated that Hong Kong would be handed over to
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1997,
Did Margaret Thatcher treat the people of
Hong Kong fairly and justly?
Let’s hear the views and comments from diverse sources.
In 1982, when Margaret Thatcher visited China,
she proposed “sovereignty in exchange for the right to rule”
to Deng Xiaoping, the former CCP leader.
But, Deng declined her offer.
After several rounds of negotiations until 1984, the British
agreed to surrender its sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.
At the end of 1984, Thatcher signed the Sino-British Joint
Declaration with the Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang in Beijing.
Mrs. Thatcher said in a BBC interview that
she was saddened by the returning of Hong Kong.
Was Thatcher fair to the people of Hong Kong?
Opinions are mixed – from all walks of life.
Jin Zhong, editor-in-Chief of the “Open" magazine,
said that Margaret Thatcher was a great politician,
and she made a great contribution to one country-two
systems, democracy, and freedom in Hong Kong.
Jin Zhong:"It actually should be returning the
sovereignty over Hong Kong in accordance with the statutory official name.
In reality, the sovereignty over Hong Kong
has been returned, but not the right to rule.
The right to rule comes from the people of
Hong Kong, not from the CCP.
I believe that Hong Kong’s one country-two systems,
freedom and democracy process are inseparable from
Margaret Thatcher’s efforts and contribution.”
However, the principles of “one country, two systems",
and “Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" for 50 years,
have already turned into the CCP’s
“partisan ruling of Hong Kong".
After 16 years, not even one person has been elected
by one person, one vote;
people in Hong Kong have been brainwashed;
and simplified characters replace traditional characters.
These issues made hundreds of thousands of Hong Kong
People take their protests to the streets in March.
According to a poll, Hong Kong media reported that
92% of Hong Kong people support the return of Hong Kong to the UK.
Wang Anran, columnist of the Hong Kong Economic Journal,
criticized Thatcher on Face Book, lamenting that
she is the source of Hong Kong people’s suffering today.
Having had British nationality as citizens;
In 1979, Thatcher modified the nationality law,
and Hong Kong people with a British nationality
would not be considered British citizens.
After the Tiananmen incident in 1989,
Thatcher refused to grant Hong Kong people rights
to reside in the UK.
A Twitter user: “Margaret Thatcher could have
gone down gloriously in history,
but unfortunately her actions in later years were
immoral — selling Hong Kong to the tyrants.
She will be nailed on the shame cross of history forever.”
Liu Ruishao, political commentator said that
during the negotiations with China,
Hong Kong was only a bargaining chip for the British
in order to gain the best interests for themselves.
Zhang Chengjue, independent Hong Kong writer,
points out that
judging a person should follow historical conditions,
we cannot divorce historical characters from reality.
Zhang Chengjue:
“Residency in the UK was not significant.
People from Hong Kong want a UK residency as insurance.
They may not go or live in Great Britain.
However, for the citizens of England, it would be
a disaster if one or two million refugees suddenly flooded in from Hong Kong.”
Regarding Margaret Thatcher making a compromise to the CCP,
Zhang believes that that was an inevitable trend because
the UK could no longer confront the power of the CCP.
Zhang Chengjue: “We should confirm that
Margaret Thatcher was a very significant historical figure.
She adhered to liberty and opposed communism.
She made a great contribution to the collapse of
the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe Block.
If her actions were for the interests of the UK,
that was nothing odd.
As a leader of the country, she must first safeguard
the interests of its people, which should be beyond reproach.”
Margaret Thatcher is the only female Prime Minister
in British history.
She became Prime Minister in May 1979, was re-elected
in June 1983, and resigned in November 1990.
She teamed up with U.S. President Ronald Reagan
to fight against Communists.
In domestic affairs, Margaret Thatcher saved
the country from the ravages of socialism.
That greatly impacted many Commonwealth
countries and Hong Kong.
