【新唐人2012年9月29日讯】中国通信设备两大供应商——“华为”和“中兴通讯”公司，9月中旬出席了美国众议院听证会，就“威胁美国国家安全”的调查接受质询。这是中国企业首次在美国国会参加这类听证。除了焦点之一的网路“间谍” 嫌疑，美国议员们还在听证会上对“华为”、“中兴”提出质问：为什么一个私人企业里有党委组织？
去年2月以来，美国国会开始对“华为”和“中兴”进行调查。9月13号，双方终于正面“交战”。在听证会上，美国国会议员严厉质询这两家公司的“间谍”行径。
委员会主席罗杰斯(Mike Rogers)指出，两家公司出售的可能是间谍设备。产品存在的“后门”等漏洞隐患，被怀疑是“刻意设计”，为中共情报机构针对美国的网路袭击提供了帮助，严重威胁美国的网路安全。
当天的听证会整整持续了三个小时。“华为”和“中兴通讯”的高管也对指控作出辩护。
除了最先提到的网路安全问题，“华为”与“中兴”公司设立的党员组织，也成为质问的重点。美议员质问，为什么一个私人企业有党委组织？党委组织一共有多少成员？又是否参与公司决策？
对此，“华为公司”高级副总裁兼北美公司总裁——丁少华辩称，公司党委是根据中国公司法设立的，就连“沃尔玛”等外资企业也设有党员组织。但他宣称，党委组织不参与企业管理和决策。
美国“南卡罗莱纳大学——艾肯商学院”教授谢田，曾经在《新纪元》周刊发表文章，题为《外企设党支部的司马昭之心》。文章深入分析了中共强制外企设立党组织的原因。谢田指出，设立党委组织是中共实施政治控制的需要，企业成立的“党支部”，是以所在地的上级党委为指导和代管，就恰恰说明了这个问题。
美国“乔治梅森大学”教授章天亮博士认为，在共产党的体系下，党的权力永远高于行政权力。而那些在中国大陆的企业如果没有官方的支持，根本没办法生存。
美国“乔治梅森大学”教授 章天亮：“它把整个的这一套共产党组织系统渗透到每一个社会的细胞里去。当然在企业中它也需要个党委。你要是在企业中看这个党委的职能，你可能不太清楚它具体能够做什么，因为它是整个一个体系下来的。它跟上级党委挂钩的，上级党委跟区的党委市的党委都是有联系的。”
而谢田的文章引述北京“现代汽车”的党委书记话说，想让外企领悟到在中国要做好企业，需要和党组织的“政治资源”对接。这个泄露中共秘密的说法，和章天亮的分析不谋而合。
章天亮还举例说，自己曾经在大陆一个中德合资企业里面工作，里面就设有党委。它的作用是监督员工，以便向上级汇报。
章天亮：“平时这个党委就搞一些活动。但是镇压法轮功开始以后，这个党委就会按照共产党的那一套组织要求，然后在这个企业里面看看谁炼功，找他谈话之类的。它实际上起到控制思想（的作用）。你可能觉得跟党委没谈拢，问题（也）不大。但它可以向上级汇报。这样共产党的决策层想处理的话，他可以通过一级级党委下来。”
实际上，美国市场是“华为”、“中兴”国际化版图中长久的痛。
为什么一直打不进美国市场? 美国《华尔街日报》6月13号的报导，可能为外界提供了答案。它写道：世界上最大的电信设备制造商之一——“华为”，似乎也发现了它想在美国发展的野心受到阻碍，正是因为它与中共官方的关系。
采访/朱智善 编辑/王子琦 后制/孙宁
Why Do Private Companies in China Have Party Committees?
In mid September, two major suppliers of communication
equipment , Huawei and ZTE Corporation,
attended a hearing of the U.S. House of Representatives and
answered questions regarding the threat to U.S. national security.
This is the first time Chinese enterprises participated in such
hearings in the U.S. Congress.
In addition to being suspected of Internet spying, U.S.
lawmakers asked in the hearing why Huawei and ZTE should have party organizations.
Since February 2011, the U.S. Congress began to investigate
Huawei and ZTE. On September 13, the two sides finally met.
At the hearing, members of the U.S. Congress pinned harsh
questions on both companies in regards to their “espionage" activity.
Committee Chairman Mike Rogers pointed out that the
two companies sell espionage equipment.
There are vulnerabilities hidden in the back door of
their products.
It is a deliberate design which provides help for Chinese
intelligence agencies to attach network in the United States and become a serious threat to network security.
The hearing lasted three hours.
Huawei and ZTE executives also defended the allegations.
In addition to the network security issue, party organizations
in Huawei and ZTE had also become the focus of the questioning.
U.S. Lawmakers questioned why a private enterprise would
have a party organization.
how many members are in the party and whether
they participate in company decision-making.
Ding Shaohua, senior Vice President of Huawei and President
of North American companies, argued that
a party committee is established under the PRC company law,
and even Wal-Mart, a foreign-funded enterprise, has party organizations.
But he declared that party organization members do not
participate in enterprise management and decision-making.
Prof. Xie Tian, from the University of South Carolina’s
Aiken Business School,
once published an article entitled
“Foreign Companies Set Up Party Branches in the New Era”
which provided in-depth analysis of why the Chinese
authorities force foreign companies to set up party organizations.
Xie Tian pointed out that the establishment of party
organizations is in order to implement political control needs.
A party branch in a private enterprise precisely displays
the fact that guidance and management comes from senior party committee on the location.
Prof. Zhang Tianliang of George Mason University believes
that under the Chinese Communist Party(CCP), the party’s power is always higher than administrative power.
Those enterprises in Mainland China cannot survive without
official support.
Prof. Zhang Tianliang: “The entire CCP system penetrates
into each cell of society, including enterprises.
You may not know the functions of a party committee
and what it can do.
It is linked with the superior party committee,
the city’s party committee, and the district party committee, for it is an entire system."
Xie Tian’s article quoted the Secretary of the Party Committee
of Beijing Hyundai Motor, who said let foreign companies realize that
in order to business in China, you need to connect
with the political resources – party organizations.
This reveals the CCP’s secret and coincides
with Professor Zhang’s analysis.
Professor Zhang said that he had previously worked
in a Sino-German joint venture in Mainland.
Its party committee role was to supervise employees
and to report to their superiors.
Prof. Zhang: “Usually this party committee engages
in some activities.
After the persecution of Falun Gong began, the Party
committee would act according to the CCP’s requirement to discern which employees were practicing Falun Gong.
They would have a talk with him/her and fulfill the function
of thought-control.
It is not a problem if you don’t see eye to eye
with the committee.
They will report it to their superiors and you will
be dealt with later.”
In actuality, Huawei and ZTE is experiencing long term pain in
the U.S. market when they plan the international territorial.
Why have these companies not broken into the U.S. market?
A Wall Street Journal article from June 13 may provide
the outside world with an answer.
It wrote, “Huawei, one of the world’s largest
telecommunications equipment manufacturer,
seems to have found what hampers its ambitions in the US,
precisely because of its official relations with the CCP.”
