【新唐人2012年2月7日讯】中国新年过后，中国沿海地区及传统劳务输出的重要省份，普遍出现用工短缺的现象。内地企业同沿海企业争抢农民工。专家认为，这体现中国劳动力结构问题十分突出，农民工就业缺乏保障，民工宁愿选择留在家乡，或就近在内地工作。
《美国之音》报导，旅游省份海南，大年初七举行首场人才招聘会，现场应聘者寥寥，签约者更少。招聘人员对当地媒体说，这种情况十分罕见。
与以往不同的是，中国新年后的用工荒不仅沿海地区突出，四川、重庆和安徽等传统的劳务输出基地同样严重，很多内地企业纷纷提高工资，同沿海地区争抢农民工。部分沿海企业甚至租车到内地招工。
据湖北省就业局预计，今年中国新年前后，湖北省用工缺口达50万-60万。
长三角、珠三角和环渤海地区，也亟待返乡的劳工能再次回流，以填补企业的用工需求。广东省人社厅预计，珠三角地区节后短期缺工人数近100万，占珠三角务工人员总数的5%。
而北京市在大多数岗位薪资提高10%~30%的情况下，仍有近10万个岗位在等待回城劳工。
今年的用工荒为什么格外突出呢？
报导说，中国社科院的研究表明，中国新增就业人口的增长，2004年以来就一直低于就业需求的增长。
另一方面，中国新年前，不少农民工奔波在讨薪的路上。江苏省人社厅去年底在全省做了一项农民工工资支付情况专项检查，在排查的2.5万户用人单位中，发现拖欠工资的用人单位有1226户，涉及农民工5.8万人，金额1.5亿元。
为何中国大陆拖欠工人薪资的事件层出不穷？农民工孙二代表示，主要是中共官员腐败引起的恶性循环。
农民工孙二代：“政府不断加大投资，但是政府部门一些人他要贪污吃回扣…，所以就导致投标商去贿赂官员，官员贪得无厌，不断的索取，索取了之后，但是迟迟的不能把工程款批下来，所以就导致了整个恶性循环，建筑商、投标商拿不到钱，就导致民工也拿不到钱。”
不过，除了农民工被欠薪的问题之外，农民工在城市遭遇的户口、社会福利问题，也让民工宁愿选择留在家乡。
北京师范大学贫困研究中心主任李实向《美国之音》表示，目前的城镇化进程并不彻底，农民工没有完全融入城市，让他们成为城市的边缘人。这不仅扭曲了就业市场的供需，也不利社会的和谐发展。
如何改善这种“半截子”的城市化进程，解决农民工就业缺乏保障的问题？“深圳当代社会观察研究所”所长刘开明认为，提供农民工与固定人口相同的社会福利待遇，把农民工外来暂住的流动特性固定下来，才能吸引农民工在城市就业与生活。
深圳当代社会观察研究所所长刘开明：“第一个就是取消目前城乡分隔的户籍制度。跟他们的政治权利、社会权利、文化权利、经济权利一起，都进入到他们工作跟生活的地方。给他们提供相应的社会保障，比如说，孩子的教育，他们家庭的团聚，住房、医疗、养老这一系列社会保障，以及公共的服务，包括对他们的职业技能培训。”
另外，刘开明还提出开放组织工会，来保障工人权益等。
新唐人记者代静、周平、萧宇采访报导。
Labor Shortages in China’s Coastal and Inland Areas
After Chinese New Year, there are general labor shortages
along China’s coastal areas.
These shortages are also seen in key provinces of traditional
labor services export.
Inland enterprises are competing with coastal areas for
migrant workers.
Experts believe this is a reflection of the obvious issue of
China’s labor force structure.
It shows a lack of employment protection for migrant workers,
and they prefer to stay in their hometowns or work nearby.
Voice Of America reported that only a handful of applicants
attended the first job fair held on the 7th day after New Year.
This took place at the tourist province of Hainan, and
recruiters told local media that this situation is very rare.
Unlike in the past, labor shortages after Chinese New Year
not only happened in coastal areas.
They are now also in traditional labor export bases in Sichuan,
Chongqing and Anhui.
Many inland enterprises have raised wages to compete with
the coastal areas for migrant workers.
Some coastal enterprises are even renting cars to go to inland
areas for recruitment.
According to Hubei Employment Bureau, Hubei Province has
a labor shortage of 500,000 to 600,000 around the New Year.
Enterprises also urgently need labor return in Yangtze River
Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Sea region.
Department of Human Resources and Social Security (HRSS)
in Guangdong Province predicts short-term labor shortages.
These reach nearly 1 million in the Pearl River Delta region,
after the holiday.
This is about 5% of the total number of workers in this region.
Most jobs in Beijing had 10% to 30% salary increases, but
nearly 100,000 jobs are still pending for workers to return.
Why are labor shortages especially obvious this year?
A study by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences may
have an answer.
It indicates China’s ’employment population growth’ has been
lower than ’employment in demand’ growth since 2004.
In addition, many migrant workers were working to get
their salaries paid before the Chinese New Year.
Jiangsu Province HRSS conducted a special inspection
on migrant workers’ wage payments across the province.
Out of 25,000 employing units investigated,
1226 units have delayed in paying wages.
This has impacted 5.8 million migrant workers,
to the amount of 150 million yuan.
Why do faults with workers’ salaries keep happening?
Mr Sun, a second-generation migrant worker expressed it is
a vicious circle.
It is mainly caused by the Chinese Communist Party
(CCP)’s corruption.
Mr. Sun: “The Government continues to increase investment,
but officials get kickbacks…,
so bidders have to bribe those insatiable officials who keep
asking for more and delay projects funding approval.
This has resulted in a vicious cycle, and building contractors,
bidders and migrant workers cannot get money.
In addition to delayed wages, migrant workers’ also have
problems with residency and social welfare in cities.
This makes them prefer to stay in their hometowns.
Li Shi, Director of the Poverty Research Center of Beijing
Normal University spoke to Voice Of America.
The current urbanization process is not complete.
Migrant workers are not fully integrated into the city.
They have become the side-stream of the city.
This not only distorts the job market supply and demand,
but also impacts harmonious development of the society.
How can this “unfinished" urbanization process, and the issue
of migrant workers’ lack of employment security be solved?
Liu Kaiming, Director of Shenzhen Institute of Contemporary
Observation commented.
Provide the same social opportunities to migrant workers
as the rest of the city population.
Change the flow population to fixed populations, in order
to attract migrant workers to work and live in cities.
Liu Kaiming: “First is to stop the residency registration
system which separates urban and country people.
Migrant workers’ political, social, cultural and economic
rights should be available at the places they work and live.
Provide them with social security, for example, their
children’s education, reunion with their families, housing.
Provide medical care, retirement pension, etc. all social
protection and public services, including technical training.
In addition, Liu Kaiming suggests opening workers’ unions
to protect workers’ benefits and rights.
NTD reporters Dai Jing, Zhou Ping and Xiao Yu
