【新唐人2012年1月21日讯】中共国家统计局公布的资料显示，2011年，中国的城镇人口占总人口比例的一半以上，这是中国历史上城镇人口首次超过农村人口。学者指出，中国从政策上还没有为农民进城做好准备，由于农民的不公正待遇和受到的歧视，会加剧社会矛盾。
统计局17号发布资料，2011年中国大陆城镇人口为6亿9079万人，比上一年增加2100万人；乡村人口为6亿5656万人，减少1456万人；城镇人口占总人口的51.27%。这是城镇人口在中国历史上首次超过农村人口。
北京“天则经济研究所”副所长冯兴元认为，有些农民“被进城”，主要是他们的土地被看中了。但是，从很多征地过程来看，却是违法的。
冯兴元：“如果是法人的话，是可以要回来的，至少你要从新安排补偿，现在征地不符合民法及合同法的程序。”
山东大学退休教授孙文广也表示，中国的现实和政策都没有为农民进城做好准备。目前进城的农民还不能算作城里人，有户口制度约束，还有很多歧视，中共当局不欢迎农民进城，又没有办法完全阻挡。
孙文广：“当权者他们只顾少数既得利益集团的利益，对农民工最多看作是城市里面提供的一些低等劳动力。政策方面很多是歧视这些农民进城的，不享受公费医疗、不享受城市低保。”
而农村人口城市化带来城市交通阻塞、住房紧张等问题，加上现行中共政策加剧了社会矛盾，从而导致抗议和抗争。
孙文广：“进来很多农民工以后，必然带来社会的矛盾表露出来。农民工受到歧视，他们要求自己的权利，这样会给社会带来一定压力，给共产党的统治也会带来压力。”
《美国之音》引述了“普林斯顿大学”中国问题研究学者程晓农的看法。程晓农指出，在其他国家，城市化是一个自然的过程，而在中国，这完全是一个政府参与的揠苗助长的过程。
他说，现在中国很多地方强迫农民“进城上楼”，比如薄熙来就在重庆推行这个政策，盖了楼要农民搬迁到城镇上去住，以为这样就实现了“城镇化”。
但是，程晓农认为，农民进城以后，能不能和城市居民享受同等待遇？如果农民进城以后永远无法享受到城市居民权益，那他们永远不能算是城市居民。
冯兴元则表示，推行城市化，就应该强调人的权利平等，国家就要改进一些现行政策。但从目前来看，中国大陆还缺少决策层的决断力。
冯兴元：“在一个国家内，淡化户籍制、户籍的行政管理功能。户籍改换仅仅是有利于资讯管理、登记管理，而不是行政管理，不是把城乡人口分割。”
程晓农指出，很多地方政府在强调“城市化”的过程中，其实背后有一个很黑暗的算盘，就是趁机圈地，搞房地产开发赚大钱。
新唐人记者陈汉、宋风、王明宇采访报导。
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China with More Urban Than Rural Population Now
According to China’s statistics, in 2011,
over 50% of the population lived in urban areas.
For the first time in China’s history, urban population
exceeds the number of people living in the rural regions.
Scholars point out that China’s policy is not ready
for farmers to move to the cities.
As migrant workers are treated unfairly,
the social conflict can only intensify.
Statistics from January 17 indicate, in 2011 China’s urban
population was 690 million, or 21 million more than in 2010.
Population in rural areas was 657 million, or 14.6 million less;
thus 51.27% of China’s population lives in urban areas now.
This is the first time in China’s history,
when the urban population exceeds the rural population.
Feng Xingyuan, deputy director of Beijing Uni-rule Institute
of Economics, believes farmers are forced to shift to cities, when their land is expropriated.
However, many practices on how to handle the farmland
are illegal.
Feng Xingyuan: “If it is illegal, farmers can take it back.
At least, the authorities should arrange the compensation.
Now the land expropriation does not meet civil procedures,
nor the contract law.”
Sun Wenguang, a retired professor from Shandong University,
said China’s policies are not ready for farmers moving to cities.
Now migrant workers can not be counted as city citizens,
according to China’s policies.
There is household registration system restriction,
and many unfair treatments exist.
Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) regime doesn’t welcome
farmers moving to cities, but has no way to stop them either.
Prof. Sun: “The ruling groups only care about minority’s
interests, they only treat farmers as cheap labours in cities.
Many policies contain the discrimination of farmers
living in cities.
Farmers do not have rights to use national health care,
nor governmental funds for low income families.”
The urbanization will worsen traffic congestion,
housing shortage and other issues.
In addition, the CCP policies exacerbate social conflicts,
provoking protests and resistance.
Prof. Sun: “More migrant workers coming to the cities,
will expose more social conflicts.
Migrant workers are discriminated, they demand their rights,
putting some pressure on the society and the CCP.”
Voice of America quoted China’s socio-economic expert,
Cheng Xiaonong’s comments on the issue.
Cheng says that in other countries urbanization is a natural
process, but in China is entirely enforced by the government..
According to Cheng, farmers were forced to live in towns,
which happened in many areas.
For example, Bo Xilai promotes this policy in Chongqing,
in order to change rural areas into city level areas.
They built new town buildings, forcing farmers to move in,
thinking “urbanization” can be achieved this way.
Cheng Xiaonong believes that when farmers live in cities,
they can be treated as city residents and share national welfare.
However, if farmers live in cities but never have the same
rights as city citizens, can they actually be called city citizens?
Feng Xingyuan said, implementation of urbanization should
allow people to be equal; current policies need to be reviewed.
At the moment however,
China lacks strength on a decision-making level.
Feng Xingyuan: “In country areas they should ease household
registration system (Hukou) and its management function.
Hukou system should be used for information and population
management purposes only, not for administration.
And shouldn’t be used to divide the population
into urban and rural class citizens.”
Cheng Xiaonong points out that many local governments
are focused on “urbanization.”
However, behind it lies the evil intention to grab the farmland
illegally, not missing the chance to make money from real estate.
NTD reporters Chen Han, Song Feng and Wang Mingyu
