【新唐人2011年3月4日讯】3月2号是前苏联共产党末代总书记戈尔巴乔夫的80岁生日。他在职时期的政策导致了冷战的结束，促成和平解体苏共、解体苏联，并为此于1990年获得诺贝尔和平奖。多国政要向戈尔巴乔夫祝贺他80岁生日，俄罗斯民间团体发起“感谢戈尔巴乔夫”运动，他的不朽功绩已载入史册。
2号当天，俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫专程前往祝贺戈尔巴乔夫生日，并向他颁发了国家最高荣誉勋章，以表彰他的杰出贡献。梅德韦杰夫表示，戈尔巴乔夫领导国家渡过了最艰难的时期。
俄罗斯总理普京也在祝贺生日的书信中赞扬戈尔巴乔夫。美国前总统老布希、德国总理默克尔等多国政要，向他表达了生日祝福；前美国驻俄大使马特洛克赞扬他“为造福全人类而改变了世界”。
戈尔巴乔夫与亲友一同庆祝自己的生日。之后，在伦敦还将举行戈尔巴乔夫生日庆祝大会，和以他的基金设立的“改变世界者”奖项首次颁奖仪式。
俄罗斯人用各种形式对戈尔巴乔夫结束了苏联共产党的独裁统治表达感谢。一些居民区贴出了很多写有“感谢戈尔巴乔夫”等大幅广告。叶卡捷琳堡市的“列宁大街”，被改名为“戈尔巴乔夫大街”。
戈尔巴乔夫2号出席他的照片展，他回顾当年的变革说：“我们的变革给了俄罗斯人敢于说出自己的想法的自由，而在此前，苏联人生活在恐怖之中，只能在厨房里，在收音机的音乐声和吸尘器的噪音中才敢谈论自己的看法。”
二战结束后，以苏联为首的东欧共产阵营，与美国和西欧的民主阵营，展开了长达40多年的冷战对峙。1985年，曾被西方视为强硬派的戈尔巴乔夫出任苏共最年轻的总书记，他试图通过改革和开放，来挽救苏联共产主义的失败。
自由亚洲电台特约评论员史东说：“戈尔巴乔夫于1985年上任之后不久，就实行了两项重大的措施：一是政治体制改革，二是开放言论出版自由，也就是公开化。可是，在苏共内部一大批基层选举上来的人民代表纷纷脱党、退党，最后连莫斯科市长和市委书记叶利钦也脱党，与共产党唱对台戏。”
1988年，戈尔巴乔夫宣布苏联放弃勃列日涅夫主义，减少对东欧国家内政的干涉，这个政策导致1989年的“东欧剧变”，结束了冷战格局。
旅居德国的极权主义问题专家仲维光说：“生活在89年以前的人都是认为，共产党政权是很难动摇的。但是1989年11月9号柏林墙的倒塌，一下子整个东欧共产党国家都崩溃了，这个崩溃就给了人民一个很强的信念，这个信念就是让人们看到共产党一定会灭亡。”
1991年8月19号，苏共保守派发动政变，将戈尔巴乔夫软禁了三天，并派出坦克镇压民众的抗议。当时任俄罗斯联邦总统的叶利钦，站在议会大厦前的坦克上发表演说，劝说军队不要对民众开枪。
保守派政变失败后，叶利钦宣布解散苏联共产党，戈尔巴乔夫也宣布苏共“自动解散”，并辞去总书记和苏联总统职务。
《纽约时报》3月1号指出，戈尔巴乔夫被评为上个世纪最伟大的“失去政权”的政治家，他没有与国民对抗到底，没有把自己的祖国变成“血海”，而是干净利落地交出了权力，血腥屠杀示威国民的中共和卡扎菲应向他学习。
戈尔巴乔夫曾呼吁建立博物馆，以纪念在斯大林统治的共产党时期的数百万遇害者，让共产党政权的最残忍暴行不会被人遗忘。
2月21号，戈尔巴乔夫在莫斯科召开记者会，强烈批评俄总理普京和总统背离民主原则。他还表示：列宁遗体应当被从红场列宁墓迁出。他并对埃及、突尼斯等中东、北非反独裁浪潮表示支持。
2008年，77岁的戈尔巴乔夫宣布，他将在辞去苏联领导人职务17年后再度进入政坛。此前2002年，戈尔巴乔夫当选为俄罗斯社会民主党领袖。2007年，他当选社会民主党人联盟主席。
今年1月4号，广州《南方人物周刊》刊出对戈尔巴乔夫的专访，中共媒体直接对戈氏专访并大篇幅报导相当罕见，引起外界关注和网民热议。
文章赞扬戈尔巴乔夫20年前顺应民意，“开启了苏联走向民主之门”。戈尔巴乔夫在专访中强调，政治改革首要的是政党改革，放弃一党专制。文章的开篇引用毛泽东的话：“苏联的今天，就是中共的明天。”
在苏联共产党和平解体20周年之际，中共也与当年苏共一样，面临解体崩溃的危机。目前，在大纪元退党网站上公开声明退出中共党、团、队组织的人数已超过9千万。
全球退党服务中心指出，中共独裁专制暴政正在走到尽头，退党大潮将确保中共在不久的将来也能和平解体，开创中国政治体制转型的变革之路。
新唐人记者李元翰、周天综合报导。
Hailed for Peaceful Disintegration of USSR, Gorbachev Turns 80
Mar. 2 is the 80th birthday of Gorbachev,
former Soviet president, whose policies
led to the end of the cold war and the demise of USSR.
For this, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.
World leaders are congratulating his 80th birthday.
Russians are launching a grassroots movement
called “Tribute to Gorbachev.”
His insuperable merits have gone down in history.
On Mar. 2, Russian President Medvedev paid a visit
to congratulate Gorbachev on his birthday and confer
him the highest honor, the Order of St. Andrew
for his outstanding contributions, commenting that
Gorbachev led Russia in a “very complex,
dramatic period".
Russian PM Putin also wrote to praise Gorbachev.
Foreign dignitaries, including ex-U.S. President
George Bush and German Chancellor Merkel
congratulated him.
Ex- U.S. ambassador to Russia, Jack Matlock, Jr. said,
he “for the benefit of all mankind, changed the world."
After Gorbachev celebrates his birthday with friends,
there will be a grand celebration in London.
A ceremony to confer
1st “Man Who Changed the World" awards
by his foundation will also take place.
Russians thanked Gorbachev for ending ex-USSR’s
dictatorial rule in many different ways,
including erecting many large “Thank you, Gorbachev”
billboards. Yekaterinburg’s Lenin Ave was renamed
Gorbachev Ave.
Gorbachev attended his photo exhibition on Mar. 2.
Reflecting on the changes, he said, “Our changes
gave Russians freedom to speak out their minds.
Before that time, Russians lived in fear. They could
only talk about their thoughts in the kitchen,
in the music of radio
or in the noise of a vacuum cleaner.”
After WWII, the Communist bloc led by former USSR
and the democracies engaged in a 40-year cold war.
In 1985, Gorbachev, once regarded as a hardliner,
became the youngest USSR leader.
He attempted to prevent the demise of Soviet
Communism through reforms and opening up.
Shi Dong, a commentator at Radio Free Asia:
Not long after Gorbachev assumed office in 1985,
he implemented two major policies: political reforms
and freedom of speech and publication.
However, many elected representatives quit the Party.
Eventually, Moscow Mayor and Party Secretary
Boris Yeltsin joined the opposition and left the Party.
In 1988, Gorbachev announced that USSR gave up
the Brezhnev Doctrine and reduce its interferences
with the internal affairs of Eastern European countries.
This policy led to the drastic changes
in Eastern Europe in 1989 and put an end
to the cold war.
German-based expert on totalitarianism issues,
Zhong Weiguang: “Before 1989, people all thought
the communist regimes were unshakable,
but after the Berlin wall collapsed on Nov. 9, 1989,
the entire Eastern European communist bloc collapsed,
which gave people a strong belief, that is,
the communist parties are bound to perish.
On Aug. 19, 1991, the Soviet hardliners staged a coup.
They put Gorbachev under house arrest for 3 days
and sent out tanks to suppress people’s protests.
Then-Russian President Boris Yeltsin, stood on a tank
in front of the parliament building and made a speech,
persuading the military to refrain from firing at people.
After failed coup of the hardliners, Yeltsin announced
to dissolve the Communist Party.
Gorbachev also announced self-dissolution of
Soviet Communist Party and resigned from
his position as the General Secretary of the USSR.
New York Times reported on Mar. 1,
Gorbachev is the greatest politician in the 20th century.
He didn’t fight against the people to the end and
bloodshed his motherland.
Instead, he surrendered his power gracefully.
The CCP and Gadhafi, who slaughter the protesters,
should learn from Gorbachev.
Gorbachev once advocated the establishment of
a museum to commemorate Stalin’s millions of victims
so the brutal atrocities by the Communist regime
will not be forgotten by people.
On Feb. 21, at a press conference in Moscow,
Gorbachev harshly criticized Russian President and
PM for deviating from democratic principles.
He also said the embalmed body of Lenin should be
removed from its mausoleum in Red Square.
He supported the anti-dictatorship waves in Egypt,
Tunisia and other Middle Eastern countries.
In 2008, Gorbachev announced to re-enter politics
after he resigned as a Soviet leader 17 years ago.
In 2002, he was elected as leader of
the Russian Social Democratic Party.
In 2007, he was elected as chairman of
the League of Social Democrats.
On Jan. 4, 2011, Southern People Weekly published
an interview of Gorbachev. It is rare that CCP’s media
published any interview with Gorbachev in fanfare.
This attracted a lot of attention and heated discussions.
The article commended Gorbachev for
conforming to the public opinion 20 years ago,
and opening up the democratic gate for the USSR.
Gorbachev stressed the key for political reforms
is the reform of the parties, i.e., give up one-party rule.
Mao was quoted: “USSR’s today is CCP’s tomorrow.”
20 years after the demise of Soviet Communist Party,
the CCP is also facing the same crisis of collapse.
To date, there have been over 90 million people
quitting the CCP and its affiliated organizations.
Global Quitting the CCP Service Center said,
the CCP’s tyranny is coming to an end,
and the CCP’s quitting waves would ensure
a peaceful disintegration of CCP in the near future,
opening up a path for the political transition of China.
NTD reporters Li Yuanhan and Zhou Tian.
