【新唐人2015年01月14日訊】大陸乳製品市場再次遭遇「寒冬」，自去年年底以來，隨著奶企收購量和收購價格的急劇下降，山東、河北、內蒙、黑龍江、廣東等地，出現了大面積的奶農「倒奶殺牛潮」，並有向全國擴大蔓延的趨勢，引發社會關注。那麼，誰是這場風波的背後推手呢？一起來看看。
新年伊始，大陸各地爆發了大面積的「倒奶殺牛潮」，很多中小規模奶牛養殖戶和散戶奶農向媒體哭訴，各大奶企以各種藉口拒絕收奶，奶農們只好把賣不出去的牛奶倒掉，以避免更大的損失。因為倒的奶太多，一些地區的河水都變成了白色。
不僅如此，巨大的養殖成本和昂貴的飼料，使得不堪重負的奶農，不得不把奶牛不計成本地轉手賣出，甚至忍痛宰殺。
天津奶牛養殖戶常先生：「奶都賣不出去，給5毛錢一斤都不要。現在收奶老是不合格，這樣不合格、那不合格。我養13年牛都賣了，我都賣了。我們這（畜牧）小區都黃（倒閉）了，都賣了，不賣不行了，白靠著，白受累。」
那麼，大陸奶企會拒收鮮奶原因是甚麼呢？專家指出，國際原奶價格持續走跌、大量進口乳製品瘋狂湧入造成的國內奶源相對過剩、乳製品市場消費低靡，都是造成「倒奶殺牛」的直接原因。
黑龍江省農科院畜牧研究所副所長張冬方：「有一些乳品行業奶源過剩的，可能貨存積壓啊，或者由於進口奶粉復原了之後比你（奶農）價格低，就不要你的奶了唄，再說國家也沒有個保障。」
2008年三鹿奶粉爆出三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件之後，引發了大陸全乳製品行業信任危機，國內消費者因為對國產奶粉質量問題的擔憂，轉而把目光投向國外，國內奶粉無人問津。根據調查數據顯示，從2008年9月到2013年春天，196萬名中國父母通過淘寶公司購買洋奶粉，花銷超過了163億元人民幣。
如果說「倒奶殺牛」的直接原因，是進口奶粉衝擊加上國內消費市場低迷，那麼深層原因就複雜了許多。
專家指出，奶農與奶企關係失衡現像在大陸極為嚴重。由於養殖和加工脫節，奶農處於弱勢地位。奶源緊張、乳品企業爭搶奶源、抬高奶價﹔奶源過剩、乳品企業壓級壓價、拒收限收，奶價議價權掌控在乳品企業手中，碰到市場波動時，最先受損、受損最嚴重的就是奶農。
天津奶牛養殖戶常先生：「奶多，乳製品廠壓（畜牧）小區，小區壓個戶，倒霉的還是老百姓、還是養殖戶。」
張冬方：「現在乳品行業逐漸在壟斷，就它收你的奶，它要不收就沒人收。再說乳行業品始終管制著養殖戶、養殖企業，比如說我是伊利啊，或者我是蒙牛啊，我收你的奶，你必須得吃我的料，不吃我的料也不行，我得給你的奶壓等（級），然後還得買我的獸藥，不買我的獸藥也不行，它這個壟斷的太厲害。」
各地「倒奶殺牛」事件引發輿論關注後，農業部1月7號緊急下發文件稱，將採取措施幫助奶農處理賣奶難問題。11號，農業部再次表示，將通過協調乳品企業增加收購，加大政策扶持和救助力度，保護奶農利益。
對此，奶農們表示，類似這樣的「倒奶殺牛」危機，每隔幾年就會爆發一次，每次政府都宣稱將出臺「協調」、「救助」和「扶持」政策，但奶農們從來沒有從中受益過，每次都依然是損失慘重。
廣東省奶業協會顧問王丁棉也對媒體透露：「從2009年起，奶農殺牛賣牛就一直沒有停止過，每年退出、棄養的農戶均超10萬戶。」
天津奶牛養殖戶常先生：「別聽那政策，政策？政策到老百姓、到最下面就沒用了，你死不死，你死不死誰管呢？真正到了個戶手的，到養殖戶手的哪有？哪落在個戶手了？我13年也沒見到國家一點政策！你聽上邊的？上邊政策多了，到下邊，到老百姓手就沒東西了！」
據《新浪網》投票調查顯示，認為造成「倒奶殺牛」現象主要責任方是「政府產業監管部門」的佔53.5%，認為「奶企見利忘義」的佔29.4%﹔認為「倒奶殺牛」現象是由於機制問題造成的佔99.34%。
採訪/田淨 編輯/張天宇
Pouring away milk and slaughtering cows spreads across China
Mainland China’s dairy market suffers “winter" again.
Since the end of last year, there has been a sharp decline
in the amount of milk bought and prices paid
by the milk enterprises.
A large swath of dairy farmers in Shandong,
Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Guangdong
prevalently “pour milk and slaughter the cows".
The trend is expanding to the entire country,
causing social concern.
So what is the driving force behind this storm?
Let’s have a look.
At the beginning of this year, an outbreak of
“pouring milk slaughtering cows" is booming
in a large area around Mainland China.
Many medium and small-scale dairy farmers
and individual dairy farmers were saddened and informed
the media how they suffered.
Because the major milk enterprises refused to purchase
their milk with a variety of excuses, dairy farmers have
had to pour away the milk which could not be sold,
in order to avoid greater losses.
Because much of the milk was poured down the river,
in some areas rivers even ran white.
Moreover, huge farming costs and expensive feedstuff,
forced the devastated farmers, who could not afford
the new low milk price and lower quantity bought,
to sell the cows regardless of the losses,
and even reluctantly to slaughter the cows.
Mr. Chang is a dairy farmer in Tianjin and he says:
“Milk cannot be sold out, even at 50 cents half kilogram it
cannot be sold. Now, the milk enterprises tell us our milk
is not qualified, either by this indicator, or that indicator.
I sold the cows I had raised for 13 years.
I sold all of the cows. Our (animal husbandry) district
is yellow (collapsed), and all cows were sold,
no way except to sell.
Otherwise, we may lose more money and much more."
So, what’s the reason for China milk enterprises
to refuse to purchase the fresh milk?
Experts point out that international raw milk prices
continue to fall, and an uncontrolled influx of imported
dairy products caused the relative excess
and weakened the domestic milk market.
These are all the indirect reasons which cause
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows".
Zhang Dongfang, Deputy Director of Animal Science
and Heilongjiang Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Institute: “Some milk industries have oversupplied milk,
with a possible existence of a backlog of goods.
Or the import of cheaper milk powder
has led to rejecting the purchase of fresh milk.
Furthermore the country has no security against this."
The outbreak of the Sanlu melamine milk scandal in 2008
caused a crisis of confidence in the dairy industry.
Due to the concerns about the quality of domestic milk,
many consumers looked instead to foreign milk
and demand for domestic milk fell.
The survey data shows that from Sept 2008
to the spring of 2013, 1.96 million Chinese parents
spent more than 16.3 billion RMB on foreign milk bought
through Taobao.
If saying the direct reason for
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows" is the impact
of imported foreign milk powder plus weak domestic consumption,
then the underlying cause is much more complicated.
Experts point out that the imbalanced relationship
between dairy farmers and milk enterprises
is extremely common in Mainland China.
Due to the separation between farming and milk processing,
dairy farmers are in a weak position.
When milk output is low, the dairy companies
raise prices; when there is a surplus,
dairy companies refuse to buy
or lower the normal price.
Bargaining power is in the hands
of the dairy industry, with market volatility,
the first to suffer loss and the most loss are parents.
Mr. Chang: “When milk is overproduced,
milk manufacture puts more pressure on
dairies, this pressures households,
and the final users and farmers will all suffer a lot."
Zhang Dongfang: “Now the dairy industry is gradually
developing the status of monopoly, and only these companies
purchase milk. If these companies don’t purchase the milk,
then there will be no one to purchase it.
On the other hand, dairy industry producers always
control the farmers and farming enterprises.
For example, there was the Yili brand, or Mengniu brand.
They purchased your milk, but you may be required
to feed the cows with their feedstuff.
Otherwise, if no-one uses their milk, then the producer
farmer has to downgrade the milk output.
Then you need to buy my veterinary medicine.
If you don’t buy, then this is unacceptable.
Such a monopoly is very serious."
All incidents of “slaughtering cows and pouring milk"
have sparked public concern.
The Ministry of Agriculture urgently issued a document
on January 7th and stated that they will take measures
to help farmers deal with the problem of selling milk.
On Jan 11th, the Ministry of Agriculture
once again said it would increase the amount bought
and ensure the interests of dairy farmers
by enhancing policy support and first aid.
In response to this, farmers say, similar
“pouring milk and slaughtering cows" will happen
every five years.
Such a crisis breaks out regularly, and each time,
the government announces it will introduce
“coordination", “aid" and “support" policies,
but milk farmers have never benefited from the policy,.
Wang Dingmian is a consultant for Guangdong Provincial
Dairy Association, and he says. “From 2009 onwards,
farmers have always given up by killing the cows
and selling the cows.
Every year, the quit and stopped farmers are almost
more than 100,000 households."
Mr. Chang “Do not listen to the policy, when the policy
circulates to the people, for them it has no use.
Will you die, who cares? Even if it really reaches the hands
of the household, how much can be given to farmers?
What will be given to the individuals?
I have never see any national policy!
Have you heard some news?
If you follow the high level policies,
when it circulates to the bottom level,
then there are no more benefits to be shared
by the hands of ordinary people! “
According to the “Sina" Polls on the Internet,
for the current responsible party,
53.5% agree the reason
for “pouring milk and slaughtering cows"
is a primary responsibility of
“government regulation of industry sectors";
29.4% agree “unscrupulous milk prices";
99.34% agrees this is produced by the mechanism.
Interview/TianJing Edit/Zhang Tianyu
