【新唐人2014年05月16日訊】「中國華中師範大學中國農村研究院」日前發佈的「農村社會和諧指數」顯示，目前的中國社會農村和諧指數爲59.2526，有學者認為這是「不及格」的意思。還有專家指出，徵收農民的土地，是造成農村不和諧的最大原因。
中共官媒13號報導，這是中國首次發表的「農村社會和諧指標」。指數是「華中師範大學」的「中國農村研究院」依託「百村觀察」項目，從民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序，以及人與自然和諧等方面入手，對反映社會和諧程度的主觀指標和客觀指標進行分析。
其中，「公平正義」與「民主法治」的指標顯示「需要加強」。
北京「東方艾格」諮詢公司的農業分析師馬文峰，日前接受了《新唐人》的採訪，他認為，中國的農民不但沒有享受到經濟成長的好處，反而受到各種不公平對待，農村建設落後，城鄉差距日益擴大，造成農村社會「不和諧」。
北京東方艾格諮詢公司農業分析師馬文峰:「每年都有中央提出高度重視農業，但真正落實到農業資源轉移上相對比較少，幾些年中國總的經濟發展速度比較快，農村發展的速度相對比較慢，差距一直擴大，城鄉有很不公平的地方，農村地區的養老問題，得不到保障，這是一個很不和諧的情況。」
另外，「人與自然和諧相處指標」的目標滿分爲15，而實際得分約7.6，僅爲目標分的一半。在農村生活中，化肥、農藥等過多使用，對自然的過度開發，生活消耗過多自然物資，生活垃圾處理的隨意性，都影響著人與環境的關係。
馬文峰:「農村的土地不能流轉，還是靠小規模生產，農業生產效率比較低，農藥的使用不規範，這樣會造成食品安全問題，環境污染主要來自於工業對農業的污染，還有畜牧業對農業的污染，排泄物直接排到河裡的污染，造成環境污染。」
馬文峰還指出，造成農村不和諧的最大原因是農民的土地被徵收，政府又沒有投入發展第二、三產業，失地農民就業得不到保障。
馬文峰:「最大的社會矛盾，就是政府和開發商聯手徵農民的土地，這錢讓地方政府拿去了，導致農民失去土地，生活沒有保證。有些地方盲目的追求城鎮化率，它就拆遷把農民趕上樓，這個不叫城鎮化，這是違背客觀經濟規律的事情。」
報導還說，「安定有序指數」實際得分與目標分數比較，僅次於「誠信友愛」指數，約爲68.6%，這表明農村社會相對比較穩定。但農村發展相對缺乏活力。
一位不願曝光身份的大陸農業專家表示，農村人口外流，剩下老年人耕種，大大降低了農業生產力。
大陸農業專家:「農村現在問題很大，農民隊伍斷檔了，年輕人都進城裡打工去了，現在全國到處強拆，土地財政。城市化、城鎮化，土地強徵了以後，強迫農民住樓房，賠償幾萬塊錢，要住新樓房幾十萬，農民根本住不起，也沒辦法生活， 這個是災難性的，這個農業潛伏著極大的危機。」
這位大陸農業專家還提到，政府不願投入農村建設，連小學都撤銷了，農村日益凋零的情況令人擔憂。
大陸農業專家:「溫家寶總理進行了教育改革，把農村的小學都撤銷，很多媽媽帶著孩子，進城租房子上學，很不方便，給群眾帶來了嚴重負擔，農村教育基本上放棄了，甚麼希望小學都破產了。」
旅美中國問題學者謝選駿認為，這份報告給出的「中國農村社會和諧指數」只有59.25，意思就是「不及格」。而他認爲，這個數字，還是太高了。
採訪編輯/熊斌 後製/舒燦
Harmony Index in Rural China Failed to Pass the Grade
The Centre for Chinese Rural Studies of Central China
Normal University,
recently published its Harmony Index of Chinese
Rural Society,
which demonstrates the current Chinese rural society´s
harmony index is only 59.2526.
Some scholars think that this level fails to pass expectations.
Other experts say, to make impositions upon the land of farmers,
is the worst cause to produce disharmony in rural areas.
According to a Chinese official media report on May 13,
China published its “Harmony Index of Rural Society”
for the first time.
The index highlights the output of “Watch One Hundred
Villages” project,
undertaken by the Centre of Chinese Rural Studies
of Central China Normal University.
The index system is comprised of subjective and objective
indicators in terms of the factors,
including democracy and law, justice and fairness,
integrity and friendliness,
liveability and vitality, stability and orderliness, and the harmony
between human and nature.
Among them, the indicators of justice and fairness and
democracy and law, needs to “enhance and improve”.
NTD recently interviewed agricultural analyst Ma Wenfeng
of Beijing Orient Agribusiness Consultant Company Ltd.
He says, Chinese farmers don´t enjoy the benefits
of the economic growth, on the contrary,
they have been unfairly treated.
The development of rural areas is backwards,
and the gap between city and rural areas is increasing,
which hence contributes to “the disharmony”
of rural society.
Ma Wenfeng: “Every year the Chinese Communist Party´s (CCP)
Central Committee, places emphasis on agriculture.
But the resources invested in the agricultural industry,
is always relatively low.
In recent years, the speed at which the overall economic
development has progressed in China is fast,
yet the speed at which development in rural areas has progressed,
has been relatively slow.
So the gap between the urban and the rural areas,
is on the increase.
There is a side of unfairness between the city and
the countryside.
The pension issue for people in rural areas has still yet
to be secured.
This creates serious disharmony within society.”
The full and expected mark indicator of “harmony between
human and nature” is 15,
but the actual mark is only 7.6, around half of the full mark.
In rural areas, fertilisers and pesticides are overused,
the natural land is over-developed,
the natural products are over-consumed by society,
and the household garbage is disposed of at will.
All of this affects the relationship between the
people and the environment.
Ma Wenfeng: “The land in rural areas is not allowed for trade,
and agriculture still relies on the small-scale operations,
with low producing efficiency and informal pesticide applications.
This is likely to cause the food safety issue.
The environmental pollution comes mainly from industrial
discharge in to rural areas,
with its overspill discharge going directly in to the rivers
thus polluting the environment.”
Ma Wenfeng confirms, the biggest problem of disharmony
in rural areas, is to impose the farmers´ land,
but the local governments are unable to develop the second
and third industries,
which cannot secure the employment of those farmers
without land.
Ma Wenfeng: “The most drastic conflict is when the farmers
land is imposed upon by the governments
and developers jointly.
The land sale revenues are mainly taken away
by the local governments,
which then leads the farmers without land, facing
an insecure living status.
Some places are blindly pursuing high urbanisation rates.
They basically demolish the existing farmers houses
and relocate them to multi-storey residential buildings.
This is not called urbanisation, but a breach of the
objective economic laws.”
The new reports say, “Stability and orderliness indicator,”
has reached a 68.6 percent mark,
and this is second highest mark next to “Integrity and
friendliness indicator”.
This shows the rural society is relatively stable
but the rural development lacks vitality.
One anonymous mainland agricultural expert says,
the outflow of rural population, leaves the aged people
to carry out agriculture production,
largely lowering the agricultural productivity.
Mainland agricultural expert: “Rural areas have serious issues.
Farmer workforces are out of stock because the youth
go out to work in cities.
Currently the forced demolishment of farmers home
is very prevalent.
The local government financial status is predominantly
dependent on selling the land.
Along with the urbanisation, once the farmers´ land is imposed,
farmers are forced to relocate into residential buildings.
The demolished homes are compensated for
with only tens of thousand RMB,
but the new homes inside the residential buildings, cost
hundreds of thousand RMB in rent.
So the farmers cannot afford the expensive new homes
and the new living conditions, this could be disastrous.
There is an extremely huge potential for crisis in rural areas.”
The expert also says, the government are unwilling
to invest in construction in the countryside,
and some primary schools are removed too.
The increasing sluggish situation in rural areas
raises pervasive concerns.
The expert: “Premier Wen Jiabao executed the education reform,
removing many rural primary schools.
Many mothers are with children.
If they have to move to the city, allowing their children
to attend schools, they´ll have to rent a home.
This is very inconvenient and brings about heavy burdens
upon the affected people.
So rural education is almost disregarded,
the so-called Hope primary schools go bankrupt.”
American Chinese issue researcher Mr Xie Xuanjun says,
such a report summarises “the harmony index of Chinese
rural society” is only 59.25, which means failure to pass.
Meanwhile, he also thinks this figure is an
over-estimated figure too.
Interview & Edit/Xong Bin Post-Production/Shu Jie
