【新唐人2014年04月07日訊】近年來，對住房公積金的詬病越來越多，「公積金不姓公」、「公積金提取難，增值少」的抱怨聲，從百姓到中共「兩會」，不絕於耳。民眾指責，本來應該用來解決百姓住房難的資金，卻成了中共利益集團謀取私利的肥肉，貪污、挪用公積金的黑洞越來越不可控制。專家指出，只要公積金還由中共政府控制，永遠不可能實現公積金真正的價值，甚至會使繳納公積金的民眾血本無歸。
據國內媒體報導，公積金「沉睡」的現象，越來越受到民眾的質疑。2012年，北京、上海1800多億元，和廣州880多億元的公積金，「沉睡率」在10%-15%之間。隨著三地房價不斷飆升，老百姓積存起來買房的公積金已經成了杯水車薪。
大陸住房公積金，是單位及在職職工繳存的長期住房儲備金，住房公積金制度具有強制性，單位和職工必須依法履行繳存住房公積金的義務。公積金由政府的行政部門——公積金管理中心統一管理。
不過近年來，指責「公積金不姓公」的聲音越來越高。今年2月，在廣州「兩會」上，廣州政協委員曹志偉指出，住房公積金成為了「劫貧濟富」的工具。他說：公積金甚至不能用於作為治病的救命錢，只有病死了，才可能拿公積金買墓地。
據有關部委公布，截至2008年年末，全國住房公積金繳存餘額超過1萬2000億。但是如此巨大的住房公積金資金沉澱，購房者卻無法提取自己的公積金，提取公積金需要中介，據報導，取10萬公積金需要4300元中介費。
大陸青年作家葛樹春：「就是已經形成一個利益鏈了，就像車管所附近的黃牛，他是跟內部有勾結，所以他才能做黃牛的，這是體制問題，沒辦法，還是缺監督，給了腐敗分子有可乘之機。」
報導說，申請住房公積金貸款，除需要提供個人戶籍、婚姻、收入、購房合同、抵押擔保等資料外，還必須提供房屋開發商的「五證一書」，在規定時間內拿不到這些證件就會被拒絕。
另外，貸款申請程序也非常複雜，需要接受住房管理中心和銀行的雙重審查。比到商業銀行申辦個人住房貸款麻煩得多。
而且手續齊全後，貸款額度也很小，借款人除了要將所購房產用來抵押外，每月還必須繳納匹配的住房公積金，在貸款未還清之前，這部分錢只能作為貸款質押，不准提取使用，也不能支取還貸。
而公積金的增值收益並不是屬於個人繳存者，而是歸於公積金管理中心。
葛樹春：「我自己去提取過，他要補這個手續，補那個手續，搞得很浪費時間，相當複雜，而且成功率特別低，就找了一個中介，就很簡單，只要把身份證和相關手續給他就可以了，一天搞定。」
北京《國情內參》期刊首席研究員鞏勝利：「公積金是非常麻煩的一件事情，那些當官的使用起來非常簡單，而且某一個人一句話就可以任意使用，如果中國的公積金只是歸中國官方管理的話，永遠都起不到應該起的作用。」
另一方面，貪污挪用公積金的現象不斷髮生。截至2000年，六年間，安徽蕭縣9000多名職工，歸集的1500多萬住房公積金，本息只剩下170多萬元，其他的錢沒有了蹤影。
２００６年，湖南郴州市住房公積金管理中心原主任李樹彪，貪污挪用公款案開庭審理，據檢察機關指控，李樹彪貪污挪用的公款超過１億元。
美國「南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院」教授謝田：「中國老百姓買房，實際上沒有買到產權，只買到使用權，這一點中共一直在欺騙百姓，公積金實際上是中共利益集團另一種盤剝百姓的一個做法。」
據報導，２００４年重慶市住房公積金高達３５億元，只有近５億元用來支付住房按揭款。而西部某市有２億７000萬元住房公積金，其中住房公積金貸款僅佔２６00萬元，佔比不到１０％。
採訪編輯/劉惠 後製/李勇
Caution! Housing fund is a blackhole
In recent years, criticism of the housing fund is increasing
including such complaints as:
“public housing fund is not owned by the public”,
“public housing fund is difficult to extract
and has limited upvaluation” from the ordinary people
to those attendees of two major conferences.
The public criticism is that the fund was designed to cope with
the difficulties of affordable houses for ordinary people,
but now the fund has become the butter
of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
used for grabbing private interests.
The black hole of corruption and embezzlement related
to the fund is speeding out of control.
The experts point out, as long as the housing fund is still
controlled by the CCP Authority, then it is forever
impossible to realize the addition of real value.
On the contrary, it is even possible for ordinary people
to lose all the housing fund paid.
According to domestic media reports,
the public increasingly questions the phenomenon
of “hibernated” housing fund.
In 2012, of the 180 billion RMB housing fund
in Beijing and Shanghai, and 88 billion RMB
housing fund in Guangzhou, 10-15% is hibernated.
Along with the ongoing soaring property prices of three cities,
the housing fund deposit for
buying a house becomes a drop in the ocean.
Housing fund in the Mainland is the deposit paid
by the employers and employees, and reserved
for long term housing related expenses.
The housing fund policy is mandatory.
Both employers and employees have the obligation
to pay into the housing fund according to the regulations.
Housing fund is uniformly managed
by Housing Fund Management Centre,
an administrative department of Government.
But in recent years, the voices saying
“Housing fund is not owned by the public” are increasing.
In February, in the Two Major Conference in Guangzhou City,
Cao Zhiwei, the member of Guangzhou Municipal
People’s Political Consultative Conference (PPCC),
says that housing fund has become a tool for
robbing the poor and funding the rich.
He said, housing fund cannot be used
for saving a patient´s life, and can possibly be used
for buying a burial place only after the patient dies.
According to relevant national ministries,
up to the end of 2008, the total housing fund
reached 1200 billion RMB.
Such a massive scale of housing fund has been saved there,
but the house buyers could not
extract their own housing fund.
To access housing fund needs the help of agents.
According to the report, a total agent fee of 4300 RMB
was charged for drawing out 100,000 RMB housing fund.
Mainland youth writer Ge Shuchun:
“an interest chain has been formed,
and this is like the scalper who is active
nearby the vehicle administrative department,
and the scalper is collaborating with the inside staff.
Then he can become a scalper.
This is an institutional problem.
There is no way to solve it.
Because there is no monitoring, this offers
an opportunity for corrupt officials to exploit. ”
It is reported that, in order to apply for a housing fund loan,
it is necessary to provide “five certificates
and one document” of the property developer,
as well as the applicant´s registered residential status,
marriage, income, contract of buying property,
mortgage guarantee etc.
If all of these documents cannot be provided
in a required timeframe,
then the application will be refused.
In addition, loan application procedure is very complicated.
The application has to be reviewed and double checked
by the housing fund management centre and bank.
This is even more complicated than
applying for housing loans from a commercial bank.
Even after all documents are ready, the amount
of a housing loan is very limited.
The borrower has to pay a monthly matched housing fund
in addition to using the bought property as a mortgage.
Prior to the loan being fully paid, the housing fund
paid during the loan period will be only used for mortgage
without a permission for extracting and repaying the loan.
But the added value of housing fund is not owned
by the owner, it is owned
by the housing management centre.
Ge Shuchun: “I did extract my housing fund.
They need this document, that certificate
as well as many formalities.
This is a serious waste of time. It´s fairly complicated.
A successful application is rare.
So I had to look for an agent and then it is simple.
I just need to give the agent’s identity and related documents,
then after one day, I got the money.”
Gong Shengli, a lead researcher of Guo Qing Nei Can Journal
in Beijing, says: “Housing fund is very troublesome.
It is easy for the officials to use the fund,
and even some officials can freely use it at a word.
So if the housing fund is only managed by the government,
then it will never play the role it should play.”
On the other hand, cases of corruption
and embezzlement related to housing fund
happen without cease.
By 2000, within 6 years, 15 million of housing fund paid
by 9000 employees in Xiao County of Anhui Province
was reduced to 1.7 million and
all the rest disappeared without trace.
In 2006, the case of Li Shubiao, the former Director
of Housing Fund Management Centre of
Chenzhou City of Hunan Province, was heard in the court
for embezzlment and corrupt use of public funds.
According to the accusation from the local procuratorate,
the total fund misappropriated by Li Shubiao
was more than 100 million RMB.
Professor Frank Xie of School of Business Administration
of University of South Carolina Aiken:
“When ordinary Chinese people buy properties,
they actually only buy the right to use rather than ownership.
The CCP always cheats the people in this respect.
The housing fund is in fact another act
of exploiting the ordinary people
by CCP interest groups.”
According to report, in 2004, Chongqing city had
3.5 billion RMB housing fund.
But only 500 million RMB was used
for paying housing mortgage loans.
Whereas in one western city, of a total of 270 million RMB
housing fund, only 26 million housing fund was used
for housing fund loan which accounts for
less than 10% of the total fund.
Interview/Liu Hui Post-Production/Li Yong
