【新唐人2013年09月27日訊】中共實施計劃生育政策衍生出的「社會撫養費」，在中國大陸早年被稱為「超生罰款」。近來，民眾要求公開社會撫養費黑洞的呼聲越來越高。日前，中共國家審計署公布，9個省違規撥付的社會撫養費，總金額約達16.27億元，不過外界普遍質疑裡面的水分。中共徵收的「社會撫養費」裡到底有甚麼糊塗賬，我們來看一看。
中共統計局9月18號公布了重慶、雲南、甘肅等9個省（市）共45個縣，2009年至2012年5月的審計調查結果。初步統計，45縣違規撥付的社會撫養費總金額大約是16.27億元。
審計結果發現，計劃外生育人口底數不清，少報、漏報問題嚴重；計劃生育罰款，徵收標準不統一，自由裁量權偏大；違規下達徵收任務，擅自挪用相關資金的等諸多問題。
浙江律師吳有水：「賬面以外的東西他是沒有辦法查到的，審計他是沒辦法審計的，它審計是針對憑證、帳目、賬面來進行審計的，如果沒入賬的，憑證也沒有，賬面也沒有，上面來審計，拿出來的都是外帳，所謂的外帳就是給別人看，內帳是自己掌握的。」
7月11號，浙江吳有水律師向大陸31個省（市、區)寄出快遞，申請公開2012年度社會撫養費收支及審計情況。8月末，吳有水僅僅收到來自17個省（自治區、直轄市）公開的2012年度社會撫養費徵收總額，合計超過165億元。在31個省（自治區、直轄市）中，沒有任何一個省份的計生或財政部門，依據吳有水的申請，公開社會撫養費的預算情況或用途。
浙江律師吳有水：「它肯定要作假，它不作假，它的帳抹不平的，因為它計劃生育部門有兩個指標，一個是社會撫養費徵收是上、下指標的，今年你要徵收多少錢，為了完成或超額完成這個任務，它必然要儘放縱人家去超計劃外生育，同時它又接受另外一個同樣硬性的任務，人口增長不能超過多少多少，為了了解決這個問題，它只有作假，兩方面都作假。」
繼吳有水之後，9月1號，中國14名女律師向國家審計署申請公開社會撫養費審計情況。《中國青年報》的報導直接批評，社會撫養費到今天為止還是一筆糊塗賬。
長期研究計劃生育的獨立學者何亞福曾向《投資者報》表示，從1980年到現在，如果平均每個超生人口，徵收的超生罰款為一萬元， 1.5億至2億超生人口的罰款總額應該是1.5萬億至2萬億元。
學者楊支柱估算，根據9省市超生罰款的平均數，中國31個省每年徵收的數額高達279億元。楊支柱曾經是中國青年政治學院法律系副教授，2010年因超生遭解聘。北京市海淀區計生委向他徵收24萬「社會撫養費」，遭到拒交。此後，法院在扣押銀行卡兩個月之後，採取強制措施劃走了卡內的相應額度的錢款。
BWCHINESE中文網專欄作家蔡慎坤：「實際沒辦法統計，每年至少幾百個億，就被他們不知不覺的揮霍掉了，不知道用到哪兒去了，吃了、喝了、玩了、貪了吧。」
2013年8月3號，大陸《經濟觀察報》在《一個百強縣的財政「斂財術」》 這篇文章裡披露，河南省駐馬店西平縣所有的行政單位，有超生子女的職工，每人要再次繳納高達數萬元的社會撫養費，徵收總額達5億元。
西平縣的王茹萍，在丈夫收到需要再次徵收4萬元社會撫養費的通知後，當天晚上，她用一根繩子在剛蓋好的新房房樑上結束了生命。年僅33歲的王茹萍生育了一兒一女。
採訪編輯/劉惠 後製/施怡君
Use of China’s “Social Upbringing Fee" Remains Unclear
China’s “social upbringing fee" is part of the
Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) one-child policy.
It was formerly know as “one-child policy violation charge".
Chinese civilians have made stronger calls
for announcing the use of collected fines.
Recently, the CCP National Audit Office announced that
about 1.627 billion Yuan of “social upbringing fees" had
been illegally collected by local governments in 9 provinces.
This number is widely believed to be an underestimate.
The information on use of “social upbringing
fees" is not organized or transparent.
On September 18, the CCP Audit Office announced the
auditing results between 2009 and May 2012 of 45 counties
from 9 provinces including Chongqing, Yunnan and Gansu.
Preliminary statistics show that, a total of 1.627 billion Yuan
was illegally collected in the name of “social upbringing fee".
According to the audit, the most serious
problems include the exact number of extra
births being mostly unclear and understated.
There are no unified standards in charging fines.
Local governments have too much operating
space in implementation of policies.
Officials sometimes illegally set proposed fines for their
subordinates, and a large amount of fees are embezzled.
Wu Youshui, lawyer: “Anything off the
account books can never be found by auditors.
The Audit Office can only check vouchers and account items.
Anything that does not enter the account
book cannot be found from those records.
Furthermore, an external account is prepared for such audit
from higher authorities. That one is simply made for outsiders.
There is another internal account
that can only be seen by insiders."
On July 11, Zhejiang lawyer Wu Youshui sent express mail
to 31 provincial or municipal governments of the mainland.
It requested the announcement of income and
expenses from “social upbringing fees" in 2012.
By the end of August, 17 governments had responded
to Wu, and only provided their annual fine amounts.
This totalled over 16.5 billion Yuan.
None of the 31 Family Planning or Financial Departments
provided details of income or expenses requested by Wu.
Wu Youshui: “Manipulation of accounts is
a must, otherwise they cannot be evened.
The reason is that two tasks have to be accomplished
simultaneously by the Family Planning Departments.
First, they have to collect at least a specific amount
of ＇social upbringing fees＇ as required by higher levels.
To collect more fines, they will intentionally
leave people to give birth to extra children.
On the other hand, they have another compulsory task.
This is to control the population
growth below a regulated line.
To accomplish both goals, the only
solution is to cheat on both issues."
Following Wu Youshui, another 14 Chinese female lawyers
requested information from the National Audit Office.
They requested announcing the use
of “social upbringing fees" on September 1.
China Youth Daily also made direct criticisms that
the whole system is still a complete mess to date.
He Yafu, a long-term researcher of one-child
policy, spoke told to ＇Investor China＇ newspaper.
Assume that 10,000 Yuan has been
fined for each extra child since 1980.
A total of 1.5 to 2 trillion Yuan should have been collected
from the 150 to 200 million extra births over these years.
Another scholar, Yang Zhizhu made an estimate according
to the average one-child violation charges of 9 provinces.
About 27.9 billion Yuan is fined
over the whole country every year.
Yang was once an associate professor of
China Youth University for Political Sciences.
He was fired in 2010, due to violation of one-child policy.
He refused to pay the 240,000 Yuan “social upbringing fee"
charged by the district family planning committee.
After that, the court seized Yang’s bank cards for two months,
and forcibly charged that amount of money from the cards.
Cai Shenkun, column writer of BWChinese.com:
“There is no practical way to know the exact number.
Annually, at least tens of billions
are squandered by those officials.
Nobody knows where this has been spent, either
by eating, drinking, playing or embezzling it away."
On August 3, Chinese newspaper “the
Economic Observer" published an article.
“Money-collecting tricks of the Top 100 County’s Government".
The article revealed that, in Xiping County of Henan
Province, employees of all administrative units who
have extra children were forced to pay fines.
This totaled as much as tens of
thousands of Yuan for the second time.
A total of 500 million Yuan was collected by such means.
Wang Ruping, a resident of Xiping County, hanged
herself at her new home in the evening.
Her husband was informed of the extra
40,000 Yuan charge on the same day.
The 33-year-old Wang was a mother of a boy and a girl.
