【新唐人2013年09月07日訊】一份由清華大學制定的中國養老體制改革備選方案提出，從2015年開始逐步延遲領取養老金，到2030年實現普通職工和居民65歲領取養老金。這個方案公布後，引發極大爭議。有評論指出，推遲領取養老金政策的提出，證明大陸養老金賬戶的資金虧空已經巨大到無法填補，無論當局理由多麼冠冕堂皇，都是在用百姓的錢為政府的壞賬買單。
據中共喉舌《人民網》8月21號報導，近日，中共人力資源和社會保障部對外界透露，中國社科院、人民大學、清華大學等，多家社保研究機構和高校正在研究制定養老改革備選方案，其中清華大學在12號拿出了一套「延遲到65歲領取養老金」的方案，在《人民網》公開徵集意見，遭到了民眾的強烈反對。
湖北潛江憲政義工馮玲：「還要通過民意、民意測試，大家都同意的話你可以，但是大家都反對的話，你這樣做的話，不太可能吧，60歲你看身體都不是蠻好了，那65的話，推遲了那麼遲，我想大家都是不願意的。」
有評論指出，就目前中國現狀而言，女性到40歲，男性50歲就會進入就業困難期，70%的人不可能工作到65歲，在這段長達近20年的時間裏，沒有基本生活保障的老人將如何生存？
馮玲：「現在假如像我們去找工作，超過50或者是超過40歲的話，它一般都是要錄取年輕人。像年紀大的，你又不拿退休金，你又還要交養老保險的話，對這些人群的話都是一大困難哪。」
財經社會類評論家鞏勝利：「其實這是一種殺雞取卵，你可以想見而知，老齡的這些人，如果沒有養老金或者醫療保障這種體系的維繫，這些人就會可能提前走人。」
一位50多歲靠修自行車的微薄收入，來繳納每年8000多元養老保險的老人質問：「我到死，還能享受幾年養老？」，引發了無數老人的共鳴。
曾經有人計算，按照中國養老保險最低交納年限15年來計算，最少要領取15到20年的養老金才可能領出自己繳納的費用。而按照中國目前人均壽命75歲來計算，如果從60歲領取養老保險，即使領到死亡也未必能領回自己所交的錢。
北京市維權公民李學會：「有可能到我領的時候都沒影了，所以不看好這個東西。」
鞏勝利：「中國長期以來不管是醫療費也好，還是養老金也好，還是退休也好，都是老百姓自己在給自己買單，和國際絕大多數的法制國家都不同。」
對於延遲領取養老金的理由，清華的專家們很坦白的表示：為了彌補養老保險金巨大的缺口。
根據中共勞動與社會保障部數據顯示，大陸有近半數省份養老金入不敷出，截止2010年，中國養老個人賬戶「空賬」超過1.7萬億元，而且這種缺口還在持續加大著，目前中國養老金空帳規模保守估計最少達3萬億人民幣，未來30年將達到6萬億，令人觸目驚心。
對於空帳的產生，公認的原因是，養老保險金不斷被公私雙方挪用，導致「壞賬」無法填補，賬戶名義上有錢，實際上無法兌現，而且這種空帳將會隨著中國老齡化的加劇而更加嚴重。
獨立中國問題學家鞏勝利認為，目前養老金賬戶虧空已經進入了拆東補西的狀態，因此當局才想出了推遲領取的主意。但是，這種方案只能推後解決問題的時間，養老金的資金虧空依然無法填補。
採訪/朱智善 編輯/張天宇 後製/王明宇
China Could Postpone Pension Age to 65,
Accumulating More Deficit
Recently, Tsinghua University proposed
a new pension scheme.
Under the new scheme current pensionable age
will be postponed from 2015,
It then said that the initial pension age should be
raised to 65 years of age as of 2030.
The news triggered wide controversy.
Some people said the pension scheme indicates that the pension
funds have a huge deficit with no other way to fill the gap.
No matter what good reasons the authorities give,
the civilians will forcibly be made to pay the bill.
On August 21, People’s Daily website, a mouthpiece media
of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) quoted from the Party’s
Human Resources and Social Security team that experts are
preparing a new pension scheme.
These experts are from the Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, Renmin University and Tsinghua University.
On August 12, Tsinghua drafted the scheme, issuing it to the
People’s Daily website to solicit feedback from the public.
Feng Ling, a constitutional system volunteer worker: “To
collect feedback in the public, if people are agree, that’s ok.
If people are against it, and they still carry it out, it is no good.
Some people don’t feel well when they reach 60 so to postpone
pension age to 65, I think no one is happy about it."
Some commentators pointed out that when women reach age
40 and men age 50, they find it difficult to apply for a job.
70% of people have to wait to retire at age 60.
Now it may be age 65.
How can they survive for 20 years or more without
livelihood guarantee.
Feng Ling: “It is difficult for people like us,
over 40 or 50 years old to go out to find a job.
They would rather employ young people.
For elderly people without pension but having to pay
for the pension, makes it a hard life."
Gong Shengli, finance commentator:
“Actually, this is a kind of killing.
You can imagine that these elderly people, if they don’t
have pension or healthcare benefit, they may die earlier."
An elderly person, over 50-years-old, living on
bicycle repair work with very low income,
has to pay 8,000 Yuan ($1,307) pension insurance
each year, he questioned: “Before I die, how
many years do I have to spend my pension?"
These words aroused many elderly peoples’
sympathetic responses.
Some people calculated that to pay the minimum pension age
for 15 years it will take 15 to 20 years to get the money back.
According to statistics China’s current per capita life is age 75.
If one starts to receive a pension from age 60, he may not be
able to reclaim his own money back.
Beijing activist Li Xuehui: “Maybe by the time when I retire,
the money is gone. I don’t like this scheme."
Gong Shengli: “In China, no matter healthcare or pension,
these are all paid by citizens. We paid the bill for ourselves.
It is different compared with counties that have rule of law."
Experts in Tsinghua University frankly said that the reason to
postpone the pension age, is to fund pension insurance deficit.
According to China’s official data,
50% of provinces have a pension deficit.
By the end of 2010, China’s empty individual accounts had
accumulated to 1.7 trillion Yuan deficit, which still increasing.
Now the deficit has reached at least 3 trillion Yuan.
In the next 30 years it will reach 6 trillion Yuan.
A shocking figure!
The reason for the accumulation of the empty accounts was
found to be pension insurance income being constantly used.
This caused a bad debt that can’t be cleared, namely,
the accounts should have money but it is not truth.
The rapid growth in the number of retirees made this
problem even worse.
Gong Shengli believes that the current pension accounts
are already in deficit.
So the CCP intends to introduce a new scheme
of postponing the pension age.
However, this reform only can win a little time
to solve the problem. It still can’t fill the deficit.
