【新唐人2013年08月24日訊】中國是世界上擁有水庫大壩數量最多的國家，但潰壩率也居世界前列，一項調研結果表明，中國近9萬座水庫大壩，基本都已年久失修。其中有四萬多座水壩「帶病」運轉，使得中國四分之一的縣市隨時面臨潰壩後被沖毀的危險。有專家還指出，造成今年南北方洪水肆虐的主要原因，很可能與這些「病險水庫」的潰壩有關。
連日來，大陸各地不斷傳出暴雨襲擊後，沖毀堤壩造成洪災肆虐傷亡慘重的消息，使得各界再次將目光聚焦到備受爭議的中國水庫大壩。
中國地質學家楊勇：「中國水壩的問題，實際上這幾年大家都在談論，官方也有定論。中國水壩達到了將近10萬座，大大小小的，其中60%左右，屬於『病險庫』。在2012的時候，國家水利部曾經發佈了這些信息。」
據中共水利部普查結果顯示，中國的水庫大壩由於工程質量差、年代久、設施老化加上缺乏必須的維護，目前至少有4萬多座水庫存在病險，隨時面臨潰壩，直接威脅到了179個城市和285座縣城。
楊勇：「從中國這麼大的水庫的數量，它的病險率佔60%，這個量是相當大的，這些病險庫在極端氣候的狀況下，肯定出現潰壩的機率是相當大的，它所帶來的損失和破壞力也是相當大的。」
有數據顯示，中國大壩數量居世界首位，年均潰壩率是世界年均潰壩率的4倍多。中共水利部部長在接受媒體採訪時也曾表示，截至2005年底，中國每年平均有68座水庫垮壩。而幾乎所有的水庫都存在壩體滲水、壩身薄弱等諸多安全隱患。因此每到汛期，小型水庫出現險情、潰壩的事故時有發生。
楊勇：「從今年南方和北方的水災的情況來看，可能都和這些水壩有關係。但是到現在為止，水災的原因還沒有一個明確說法。除了氣候降雨的原因以外，是不是和水壩相關，到現在為止，我們還沒看到有關方面的結論，但是從水災的狀況來看呢，很多城市被淹沒、很多村鎮被淹沒，很多江河的防洪壓力巨大，勢必和一些病險水庫的潰壩有關係。」
據報導，在今年的南北大洪災中，廣東普寧練江多處潰壩，海水倒灌，導致多人死亡﹔汕頭市潮南地區大堤水庫多處堤防崩塌，淹水高達3米，大批民眾受困。而1975年河南的板橋水庫潰壩，據傳更是造成了24萬人喪生洪水的悲劇。
對此民眾質問當局，堤壩為甚麼會崩潰，結構問題？材料組成問題？設計問題？還是豆腐渣工程？為甚麼在洪期到來之前不事先加固和維修堤壩？對此，當局的答復為：經費奇缺，無力維修。
而另一方面，中共官員利用整修水庫進行貪污腐敗的案例卻不斷被曝光。有媒體報導，2005年6月，因官員挪用整修水庫預算購買名車，導致黑龍江沙蘭鎮年久失修的水庫不堪豪雨而潰堤，洪水瞬間淹沒位於下游的中心小學，造成105名小學生死亡。
而中共水利部1988年就已經在帳上的基建投資預算1.2億元，本來是應該安排給項目單位應急使用的，但直到2000年，這筆款項依然閑置。
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/李智遠
Sick Dams: Real Reason Behind China’s Fatal Flooding
China has the most reservoir dams in the world,
and the highest dam failure rate.
China has built nearly 90,000 dams, whilst nearly
all of them have been under of repair for years.
Over 40,000 in-service dams in China are “sick”.
This has put 25% of counties at risk of destruction
after a dam breach.
Experts think that the reason behind this year’s
flooding in the North and South,
was more likely caused by the
collapse of these “sick” dams.
For days, China’s media have been reporting on fatal floods,
and dam breaking due to heavy rainfall.
Global attention was once again given to
China’s reservoir dams, a controversial issue.
Chinese geologist, Yang Yong: “China’s dam issue
has been talked about for years.
The authorities have reached a final conclusion.
China has almost 100,000 dams, 60% of them
are in a dangerous state.
This was the information released by the
Ministry of Water Resources in 2012.”
An official survey shows the problems with China’s dams.
They are of inferior quality, with long-term services,
facility decaying, and lack of adequate maintenance.
Over 40,000 reservoirs in China are at risk of a breach.
They are posing a direct threat to the safety of
179 cities and 285 counties.
Yang Yong: “It is a very high rate with 60%
being classified as being dangerous reservoirs.
In extreme weather conditions, it is highly
probable of a dam break.
That will cause large loss and destruction.”
Public data show that China has the most dams in the world.
The annual average rate of a dam break is
four times that of the world norm.
In 2006, China’s Water Resources vice minister admitted
that by 2005, China had an average of 68 dam breaches yearly.
Dam seepage and weakness are common problems
with many reservoirs.
During the flood season, dangerous situations often
occur in small reservoirs, which include dam failure.
Yang Yong: “This year’s flooding in the North and South
were all affected by these dams.
But so far, the authorities have
given no explicit explanations.
In addition to rainfall, whether the floods are related
to dams? We haven’t seen any official conclusion yet.
Now many cities and towns have been flooded, and
river flood control systems are facing huge pressure.
I think there is a link between the flooding and
breaching of some sick dams.”
Reportedly, in Puning, Guangdong Province,
dam breaks have caused many deaths this year.
A Dam breach in Shantou had caused a three-meter flood level,
which trapped a large number of local residents.
Back in 1975, the Banqiao reservoir dam failure occurred
in Henan Province, leading to 240,000 deaths.
The public has now raised their queries——
why did the dams collapse?
Were there problems with structure, material composition,
designing, or were they shoddy constructions?
People are asking why no prior reinforcing and repairs
were applied to these dams in the pre-flood period?
The authorities’ reply was: a critical shortage of funds,
which leads to non maintenance.
However, corruption of officials involved in reservoir
maintenance have been continuously exposed.
Reportedly, in Shatian, a town of Helongjiang Province,
officials spent the budget for reservoir renovations to buy famous cars.
In June 2005, the dam collapsed due to heavy rains.
The flood drowned a primary school located downstream,
claiming the lives of 105 students.
Media reports claim that China’s Water Resources Ministry
allocated a 120-million-yuan contingency fund
for local infrastructure investments in 1988.
Yet the fund remained idle until the year 2000.
