【新唐人2013年05月07日訊】近年，中國大陸呼籲精簡政府機構，減少公務員等呼聲不斷，中國納稅人到底養了多少公職人員？雖然官方和學界說法不一，但禁不住資料的推敲，中國民眾負擔之重，在專家們精算的數字背後，原來隱藏多數「蝗蟲」。
作為中共新一屆政府總理的李克強，在3月17號人大會議後的中外記者招待會上，他表示，「未來財政再保持高速增長的收入態勢不大可能了」。要讓人民過上好日子，政府就要過緊日子，那就需要削減政府的開支。
看了李克強的豪言壯語，人們不禁回想起當年的前總理朱鎔基，他在即位不久，也是如此般的立誓「兩手抓，兩手硬」：第一手硬：「準備好一百口棺材,也有我的一口」﹔第二手硬：國務院先行開刀，舉國上下來個大規模的「精兵簡政」。
如今十四年過去「精兵簡政」的成果到底如何？
據大陸官方提供的資料表明，從1998年到2009年，中國財政供養人員規模從3843萬人飆升到5393萬人。並且自2007年以後，還在以每年250萬人的增速繼續飆升，專家推算，到2012年，中國財政供養人口可能已超過6000萬。而這一數字還僅僅是有公務員編製、或者事業單位編製的體制內人員，沒有包括來自60萬個村委會及8萬多個居委會的多達近300萬的準財政供養人員。
北京《國情內參》首席研究員鞏勝利：「中國政府可以堪稱全球第一大最大官國，到2013年已經超過6千萬人了，也是中國5000年來政府官員最多的時期。」
難怪朱鎔基感歎：如此臃腫的機構和數量龐大的行政人員，把國家的錢都吃光了！究竟甚麼原因造成了中國如此龐大的官員系統？
鞏勝利：「中國的政權運行是雙重的體制和最多構架的政府。從兩個方面來講，第一，中國政府首先是政府之上有個黨，就是中國各級政府裏面都有兩重機構在運行，一個是黨的機構，一個是政府機構﹔第二，中國政府和全球各國國家政府（相比），運行的構架層次是全球最多的。層次多，設立的官員多。」
鞏勝利統計，從中央到地方再到最底層的村委會，中共政府機構構架多達7重，而美國等國家從州到最低級行政機構只有3到4重，而最簡潔的新加坡和香港只有兩級。
中國財政供養規模問題不僅僅是存量巨大，增長速度更是令人擔憂，究竟是甚麼原因造成了中國財政供養人口快速增加呢？香港《鳳凰週刊》一篇題為中國財政到底養了多少人?一文指出，除了在職人員，平均年增90萬的離退長休人員也是財政供養人口的主要來源之一， 佔增加數量的60%。
鞏勝利：「因為中國現在是個老齡性的國家，它的退休人員大概要超過2000萬左右，因為黨政幹部的體制沒有納入社會保障體制，而是黨的退休的機制，而且退休金不是社會保障體系供養的，是國家財政供養的。」
文章指出，對於納稅人來說，這代表很大一部份稅收用來供養近三成「光吃飯不幹活」的離退長休公職人員。龐大的供養人數帶來的高昂的行政成本和管理費用，給中國的財政和人民帶來無法承擔的重荷，政府開支增速遠超GDP。
鞏勝利：「中國財政供養的人是全球之最，這是當然的，還有中國（共）政府成本的運行也是全球最高。」
為此，中共總理李克強約法三章，試圖削減政府開支，但被專家指出是治標不治本。旅美經濟學家簡天倫指出，如果中共當局誠心想減少開支，只要把黨的系統去掉，就會擺脫目前財政面臨的困境。
採訪/劉惠 編輯/張天宇 後製/李勇
China’s Fiscal vs. Number of Officials,
Li Keqiang vs. Locusts
In recent years, the Chinese people have called for the stream-
lining of governance to reduce the number of civil servants.
The government and scholars have different numbers of
officials that Chinese taxpayers are paying for.
In fact, there exist way too many so-called
locusts behind the statistics.
Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang said in a press conference
on March 17, “Any high growth of finance is unlikely,”
cutting expenditure is the way to ensure
a better life for the people.
Li Keqiang’s remarks reflect the words of
former Prime Minister Zhu Rongji who also vowed,
“Prepare 100 coffins and one for me” and “Cut the State
Council first, and streamline the whole country on a large scale.”
What has been the outcome of the streamlining 14 years later?
Chinese official data show that government workers have
Soared in number from 38.43 million to 53.93 million between 1998 and 2009.
Since 2007, annual growth has continued at the rate of
2.5 million.
It is estimated that by 2012, the Chinese fiscal
will support more than 60 million officials,
this only refers to workers within the governmental structure.
There are still about 3 million local villages and district
workers not counted for but who rely on tax dollars.
Scholar and independent critic Gong Shengli: “The Chinese
regime owns the world’s largest number of officials.
With more than 60 million officials in 2013, the regime owns
the most officials in 5,000 years of Chinese history.”
No wonder Zhu Rongji sighed, “The bloated structure and
numerous workers have eaten up the country.”
What causes there to be such a large system of officials?
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese regime runs
a dual system of multi level government.
First, above the government, there is the Party.
That means each department consists of two organizations,
one from the Party, and the other the government.
Second, comparing to other countries, the Communist regime
operates at multi-level which requires more officials."
According to Gong Shengli’s analysis, from central to local
and then to the bottom of the village committee, it consists of 7 levels.
In the United States there are three to four levels
from the state to the lowest administrative agencies,
while Singapore and Hong Kong
consist of only two levels.
The finance burden of the Communist regime exists
not only because of the volume of officials,
but also because of the speed in increasing
the number of officials.
What causes this rapid increase in the number of officials?
According Hong Kong’s Phoenix Weekly’s report,
“How many officials do the Chinese fiscal support?"
indicated that other than the existing workers,
retirees are also major dependents of the fiscal.
The number of retirees is increasing at
an annual rate of 900,000,
this accounts for 60% of the annual increase in
officials relying on the fiscal.
Gong Shengli: “China is now an aging country
with retirees likely to be over 20 million.
Retiree cadres are under the Party’s retiree system,
not the social security system.
Retirement benefits are provided by the fiscal,
not by the social security system."
The report pointed out that a large portion of tax dollars
are used to feed about 30% of retirees.
This huge number of dependents brings along high
administrative costs and expenditures.
It is an unbearable burden to the fiscal and the people.
Governmental spending is growing at a rate higher than
the GDP.
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese fiscal certainly supports
the world’s largest number of officials.
The Communist regime also operates
at the highest cost in the world."
Premier Li Keqiang has pledged to cut government spending,
but our expert does not believe that will solve the fundamental issue.
Economist Jian Tianlun indicated that to get rid of the fiscal
burden and difficulty will require getting rid of the Party system.
That’s if the Communist regime is sincere
in the wish to reduce the expenditure.
