【新唐人2013年04月01日訊】大陸各一線城市陸續推出意在打擊房產投機的「國五條」實施細則，對購房資格、信貸額度和個人所得稅等，進行了嚴格限制。其中，北京的調控細則號稱「史上最嚴」。但「國五條」是否真的能達到預期效果，各方看法明顯不同。
3月30號，北京市政府辦公廳對外發佈房地產市場調控細則，從限購、信貸和稅收三方面進行政策收緊，堪稱「史上最嚴」。細則規定：自3月31號起，成年單身市民在北京市只能購買一套住房。細則還提高了購買第二套房的首付款比例。此外，二手房的個人所得稅將高達20%，但對個人轉讓自用5年以上的家庭唯一用房，繼續免徵個人所得稅。
同一天，上海、重慶也發佈了「國五條」實施細則，進一步嚴格買房者的資格審查、收緊信貸、提高二手房個人所得稅。
2月20號，大陸國務院推出「新國五條」，要求各地繼續嚴格執行商品房限購措施、抑制投機、投資性購房。
3月1號，國務院「新國五條」細則出臺。其中明確規定，二手房轉讓將徵收20%個人所得稅。這一新規使大陸房地產和股市遭遇暴跌。同時，很多人為了規避20%的個人所得稅，紛紛趕在各地「國五條」細則正式實施之前，抓緊過戶。一時間，一線重點城市的二手房成交量出現井噴狀態。
北京《國情內參》首席研究員鞏勝利：「以前有些房子多的人現在趕快急著出手，這是一個現象。還有就是，沒有房的人，也大量進入市場買賣。這兩個現象都在出現。」
現在，隨著各地細則的陸續出臺並執行，「新國五條」是否能真正抑制投機投資性買房，成為人們關注的熱點。大陸網絡上，網民對「國五條」細則展開了激烈討論。
有網友對細則表示支持，認為這一政策能有效遏制炒房投資，穩定房價。
也有網友認為：新規定對於降房價基本起不了多大作用，還是把土地出讓金降低，房價自然就會降下來。網友質疑：為甚麼不對賣土地的徵20%的稅？
北京《國情內參》期刊首席研究員鞏勝利，從市場經濟的角度解析大陸房地產市場，認為類似的政府干預方式違背市場經濟運行規律，很難起到大的作用。
鞏勝利：「市場經濟本來就是一種自由經濟，那你把這種經濟的成分、規律、方向都改變了，全世界都沒有出現過這種現象。」
鞏勝利指出，大陸房地產市場完全不是市場經濟，近年來當局一直在嚐試管治房地產市場，但房價仍然越漲越高。
鞏勝利：「這樣搞下去，中國市場經濟、特別是房地產，變成了一個特別的產物，與市場經濟所有的規則規律完全背道而行。所以未來的中國房地產市場，可能會出現更麻煩的事情。」
鞏勝利舉例說，上世紀末期，拉丁美洲國家爆發金融海嘯，很多民眾都前去銀行提款，於是阿根廷等國家就開始限制提款。但這反而促使越來越多的老百姓前來提款。直到後來，在國際援助下，各國不再限制老百姓提款，拉美金融海嘯一下子迎刃而解。
對比目前的中國，很多房地產政策都是限制措施，市場面被收縮得越來越窄。因此，「國五條」這類措施最後的結果，很難推斷。
採訪/劉惠 編輯/李謙 後製/周天
China Releases New Polices to Curb Real Estate
China’s first-tier cities have continued to release local
new regulations on combating speculative house buying.
They impose restrictions on the eligibility of homebuyers,
mortgage loans, and personal income tax on home sales.
Beijing’s rules are labeled as “the most stringent ever”.
Will the official real estate policies deliver the desired
results? Various parties hold significantly different views.
On March 30, Beijing released local
by-laws on the real estate market.
The rule lifts home purchase restrictions, loans and taxes,
which are deemed “the most stringent policy in the history”.
It provides that since March 31, single Beijing
adults are only allowed to buy one house.
The regulation increases the down
payment of the second house loan.
Individual income taxes for second
-hand housing sales rise to 20%.
No personal income tax applies to sales of
houses with over five year of personal usage.
On the same day, Shanghai and Chongqing
published their implementation rules.
Both are further tightening homebuyers
eligibility, loans, as well as raising personal
income tax for second-hand housing sales.
On February 20, China’s State Council released
five policies on real estate market controls.
It urged the expansion of home-purchase restrictions,
and to curb speculative home buying nationwide.
On March 1, the State Council announced
a set of by-laws for 2013 Five Policies.
It stipulates that second-hand housing
sales are subject to an income levy of 20%.
This made the real estate and stock market plummet.
Lots of property owners have rushed to
complete sales before the by-laws go into effect.
Thus, second-hand housing sales have
suddenly soared in China’s first-tier cities.
Gong Shengli, Chief Researcher at China Realities
Insight Journal: “Multiple house owners are now rushing to sell their properties.
Meanwhile, those without houses
have entered the market enormously.”
Provincial by-laws have continued to be released.
Whether these new policies can successfully
curb speculative house buying or not,
has now become the attention of public focus.
The issue has sparked a heated
debate among netizens in China.
Netizens in support believe that the policy will effectively
limit speculative house buying, and stabilize house prices.
A netizen posted, “The new policies
precisely target real estate speculators.
If they continue to stock houses,
they’ll face paying property taxes.
As most ordinary citizens only have one house,
they’re exempt from 20% income tax on house sales.
So the new policies won’t affect
ordinary citizens’ home buying.”
Another netizen said, “the new policies won’t
make a difference in lowering housing prices.
Housing prices will naturally
fall with reducing land-use fees.
Some netizens asked, “Why aren’t
land sales levied with the 20% tax?”
Gong Shengli says that such government
interventions are contrary to market rules.
He thinks the official policies will hardly play a big role.
Gong Shengli: “The market
economy shall be a free economy.
Now in China, they have changed the
economic elements, rules, and direction.
This has never appeared in other countries.”
Gong Shengli adds that China’s real estate
market is certainly not a market economy.
In recent years, the authorities have tried to curb the
property market, but housing prices continue to rise.
Gong Shengli: “If this continues, China’s economy,
especially the property market, will turn into a strange thing.
It will be against all market rules.
So in the near future, China’s real estate
market will face more and bigger troubles.”
Gong Shengli gave an example of the financial
crisis in Latin America in the late of 20th century.
Lots of people withdrew their money from banks.
Then, Argentina and some other countries began to
limit withdrawals, but this lead to more cash withdrawals.
Later, bank withdrawals were no longer limited
worldwide, and the financial crisis was easily solved.
By contrast, China’s many existing
policies on real estate are all restrictions.
This made the market continue to narrow.
It is hard to forecast the result from
the implementation of the new polices.
