【新唐人2013年01月01日訊】大陸的教育部要求各地政府2012年底前，出臺「放寬外地務工人員子女異地高考」的規定。截至12月30號，媒體公布了14個省市的異地高考政策。令民眾失望的是，與其他多數省份相比，北京、上海、廣東的門檻高、要求嚴苛。
據統計，中國大陸進城務工人員接近3億，隨遷子女數量超過1500萬。但由於不合理的戶籍制度、福利歧視等原因，使得長期以來，他們在務工城市的醫療、社保和居住，面臨巨大困境，尤其農民工子女教育、參加高考等問題日益迫切。
山東大學退休教授孫文廣：「高考本來是各地公平、公正的，但是現在歧視中小城市、歧視農村，制定了很不合理的錄取辦法。」
深圳老師：「這個根本就不平等的，中國教育本來就不平等。農村和城市本來就差別很大。」
2012年9月，中共國務院辦公廳發出文件，要求各地出臺異地高考的具體政策，於是，在數億農民工的期待下，直到官方限定的最後一天，包括北京、上海、廣東在內的14個省市，才將具體方案公諸於眾。
然而，北京和廣東採取的是過渡方案，而上海則將異地高考與居住證制度掛鉤，隨遷子女仍然不能與本地生享受同等的待遇，而且所謂過渡方案真正實行起來困難重重、遙遙無期。
深圳老師：「異地高考好像政策已經出臺了，但真正能夠實行的還很少。 他肯定會設高的門檻，就是有這個（異地高考）政策，他也會把門檻設的很高。」
北京過渡方案規定，「從2013年起，凡進城務工人員持有有效北京市居住證明，有合法穩定的住所，合法穩定職業已滿3年，在京連續繳納社會保險已滿3年，隨遷子女具有本市學籍且已在京連續就讀初中3年學習年限的，可以參加北京市中職考試錄取。」「2014年起，父母在北京工作6年以上，隨遷子女可在北京參加高職考試。」
而對於大學本科部份放開錄取的時間表，卻只字不提。
上海規定，持居住證A證的人員子女按照規定可在上海參加中高考。而外來人員如想辦理A證，需要在上海有合法穩定職業和住所、參加上海市社會保險、且積分達到規定分值。此外，務工人員子女還要在上海市擁有高中三年完整學習經歷，才可參加高考。
據報導，黑龍江、遼寧、重慶三地除要求考生具有高中階段完整學籍外，還提出「父母有合法穩定職業、合法穩定住所」的條件。吉林則在上述條件之外，還要求提供父母在當地三年以上的社保繳納證明。
很多農民工連社保費用都繳納不起，甚至隨遷子女連幼兒園也讀不起，因此，能滿足上述規定者寥寥無幾，這些省份所謂的異地高考政策也就成了「有政策，無落實」。
深圳老師：「對於普通底層老百姓來說，這個還是沒有甚麼用處的。 要普通打工的，誰在一個城市交社保多少年，或者有房產，這個還是做不到的。」
江蘇學生家長：「這個國家就這樣，有些事情也是沒辦法的，在國內畢竟是誰掌權就誰得利，也沒辦法的，拼爹時代就是這個樣子，就是為有錢、有權的人預備的，沒有平等、沒有人權。」
正如一位農民工的疑問一樣：「維護我們權益的文件天天出，可我們的生活為甚麼一點也沒改變？」
孫文廣：「 我覺得當局到現在沒有認識自己的錯誤，還是繼續延續錯誤的招生辦法， 還要找各種的理由來拖延。」
大陸教育學者指出，目前中國國情很難真正實現異地高考。高教資源的不均、戶籍制度的牽絆、生源利益難調、地方保護政策等等，都是實施異地高考政策的巨大牽絆。各地政府完全可以用設置高門檻的方式，使異地高考形同虛設，從而保護自身利益。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/張天宇 後製/蕭宇
New School Policy for Migrant Workers Children
Mainland China’s Ministry of Education has published
new school requirements for local governments.
They are to introduce relaxed prerequisites
for children of migrant workers before the end of 2012.
On December 30, the media announced 14 provinces and
cities with new off-site college entrance examination policy.
People are unhappy that Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong
have higher requirements and tougher demands compared to most of the other provinces.
Statistics show, nearly 300 million Chinese migrant workers,
including over 15 million children, are discriminated against,
due to the poor household registration and welfare systems.
Workers’ health care, social security and life in the cities
face huge hardships, particularly their children’s education.
Thus, college entrance’ examinations and other problems
have become increasingly pressing.
Sun Wenguang, a retired professor of Shandong University:
“The college entrance exam should be fair and just.
Yet, discrimination against small and medium-sized cities,
and rural areas result in unreasonable ways of admission.”
Shenzhen teacher: “This is basically unfair.
Chinese education has been unfair.
It is supposed to be very different
between cities and rural areas."
In September 2012, the State Council’ General Office issued
a specific policy on the off-site college entrance examination.
Expecting hundreds of millions of migrant workers, officials
published specific legislation for 14 provinces and cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong.
Beijing and Guangdong will take the “transition program,"
while Shanghai will combine off-site college entrance exam with the residence permit system.
Thus Shanghai migrants’ children still cannot enjoy
an equal treatment as the local students.
Even the so-called “transition program"
is very difficult to implement.
Shenzhen teacher: “The off-site college entrance exam policy
has been introduced, but very few can really implement it.
They will set high threshold for sure,
even with this policy.”
Beijing’s transition program states that, “Starting from 2013,
if migrant workers have a proof of Beijing residence,
have a legitimate and stable living quarter,
with a legitimate and stable job for three full years,
and paid fees to Beijing’s social security for three years,
their children can be admitted for Beijing’ vocational exam,
after completing three years of junior high school in Beijing.”
The program continues, “Staring from 2014, when parents
have worked in Beijing for more than six years,
their children can participate in the
Beijing Vocational examinations.”
Not a word has been mentioned
about the college exam and a time table.
Shanghai’s regulations require residents to have permit A,
so their children can participate in college entrance exams.
Residents from other provinces need to have a legitimate,
stable job, Shanghai’ residence, etc., to apply for permit A.
Plus, migrant workers’ children must complete three years
of senior high school in Shanghai before sitting the exam.
According to reports, Heilongjiang, Liaoning,
and Chongqing have similar prerequisites.
In Jilin Province, in addition to the above parents must have
paid fees to the local social security for over three years.
Many migrant workers cannot afford to pay social security,
and their children cannot afford to attend kindergartens.
Thus very few can meet the above requirements.
In such provinces the so-called off-site college entrance
policy is only a policy, which will not be implemented.
Shenzhen teacher: “For ordinary people, this policy is useless.
Ordinary workers cannot afford to pay into the social
security system, or to own a house. That is impossible.”
Jiangsu parents: “In this country, some things will never
change: whoever comes to power will gain the wealth.
It is always like this. This country is for the rich, by the rich,
and of the rich. There is no fairness and no human rights.”
Migrant worker: “Documents in favor of our interests
appear day in and day out, but our lives remain the same.”
Sun Wenguang: “I think that so far authorities fail
to recognize their own mistakes or errors,
and continue to follow the enrollment procedures,
or find a different reason to delay the policy."
Mainland scholars point out that in China is very difficult
to truly have an off-site college entrance examination.
Implementing such an off-site college entrance policy
faces many obstacles.
Like the inequality of resources for higher education,
the cumbersome household registration system,
the revenues’ and interests’ difficulties,
and the local protection policies.
In order to protect their own interests, local governments
can set a high threshold for off-site college entrance exams, and make the policy worthless.
