【新唐人2015年02月13日訊】中共日前對美國高通公司（Qualcomm）開出反壟斷史上最大罰單——近61億元人民幣，再次引發外界對在華外企的關注。「中國美國商會」(American Chamber of Commerce in China)發佈的調查報告顯示，儘管大多數在華美國企業能夠獲利，但許多企業高管感覺在中國不受歡迎，認為被中共當成了打擊目標。

「中國美國商會」日前發佈的《2015年度商務環境調查報告》顯示，在477家受訪企業中，有57%認為，中共當局最近展開的一系列調查是針對外國企業的。這是自2010年以來，在華外國企業首次把「對保護主義的擔憂」列入前五位。

商會主席吉莫曼表示，有跡象顯示，在經濟增速放緩的情況下，中共當局會越來越多地採取保護主義措施。

美國南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院終身教授謝田：「改革開放之初，中國缺少資金，也缺少西方的技術，他們用中國市場這個誘餌來吸引西方大公司，西方很多人爭相把資金投了進去，現在中共可以說已經站穩了腳跟，他們反而擔心西方公司可以用它優良的品牌把中國的市場奪走，利潤奪走，所以他們現在開始有點肆無忌憚對西方公司採取各種各樣嚴厲的措施。」

《美聯社》指出，去年9月，「中國美國商會」的一項調查顯示，約半數在華經營的美國企業認為自己成為中國反壟斷法、食品安全法和其他法規的「選擇性執法」對像。商界代表抱怨，中共當局的反壟斷調查操作過程不透明，打擊了外商的投資情緒。

謝田：「你看它(中共)那些藉口，說西方公司行賄受賄也好，或者是會計準則上的實行的不完善，其實都是中國公司的問題，中國公司實際上是更加普遍、更加嚴峻的會計造假的問題。」

商會日前公布的報告還顯示，有70%的美國企業透露，他們在中國的營運「有盈利」，或「非常有盈利」。不過，有47%的受訪者覺得在中國做生意不受歡迎。

《彭博社》一篇社論指出，中共日前對美國手機晶片大廠高通（Qualcomm）處以破記錄的9.75億美元罰款，但真正的輸家卻是中國經濟。在經濟放緩的時刻，中國尤其需要外國投資，中共祭出法律敲詐的方式只會趕走外國企業。

實際上，包括微軟、奧迪、奔馳、麥當勞等在內的許多外國企業，去年都陸續遭到中共當局的調查。

謝田：「西方在中國的企業都認為在中國運營最不受歡迎，他們也確確實實感受到這一點，所以很多西方企業已經開始撤離中國。」

高通在本週一已經同意，向中共發改委支付60.88億元人民幣罰款（約合9.75億美元），以了結對它長達14個月的反壟斷調查。

美國中文雜誌《中國事務》總編輯伍凡：「這次對高通的罰款，罰了將近10億美金，在過去從來沒有過的。因為我用你的晶片，你設計的，但是你賺的錢比我製造的、賣出去賺的錢還要賺的多，所以中國不願意了，我就罰你，你不符合我的規矩，我制定反壟斷法。儘管如此，這家公司還願意接受中國的條件，因為它看中你的市場。」

而據了解，高通這次不但要繳交巨額罰款，還被迫調整專利授權費，實際損失金額將遠高於罰金的數倍。高通去年的財報，其專利授權費收入就貢獻了58%的利潤。中國是高通最大的市場，高通這次恐怕光專利授權費收入就少掉三成，一年約18億美元。

商會的調查報告指出，隨著中共將實施新的網絡安全政策，外國科技企業將被迫公開涉及知識產權的敏感源代碼，否則不得不退出中國市場。

採訪/朱智善 編輯/陳潔

Survey Report Indicates Foreign Enterprises Targeted

Under China’s Regime.

Recently the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) issued the

largest antitrust fine of nearly 6.1billion Yuan against the

U.S. company Qualcomm. This once again brought the

outside world’s attention to foreign enterprises in China.

The American Chamber of Commerce in China (AmCham

China) released a survey report indicating although most U.S.

businesses in China are profitable, many executives do not

think they are welcome in China.

They feel that they are the targets of the CCP.

AmCham China just published it’s 2015

Business Climate Survey.

It shows that 57% of the respondents think foreign companies

are targets of recently launched investigations by the CCP.

This is the first time since 2010 that foreign companies

in China rank “Protectionism" among the top five factors.

AmCham president James Zimmerman said there are signs

the CCP will adopt more measures of protectionism with

the slowdown of economic growth.

Tenured professor at University of South Carolina Aiken

School of Business Xie Tian, “At the start of the CCP reform

China lacked funds and western technology. The CCP used

the China market as bait to attract big Western companies.

Many western investors rushed to put money in.

Now the CCP has a firm foothold, it is concerned western

companies will take away the China market and profit.

So the CCP is getting a little reckless by carrying out a

variety of drastic measures against western companies."

AP reported that AmCham China’s survey in Sep. 2014

showed about half of U.S. companies operating in China

consider themselves to be “selective enforcement" objects

of antitrust law, food safety laws and other regulations.

Business representatives complained that the process of

the CCP’s antitrust investigations were not transparent.

It suppresses foreign investors’ interests.

Xie Tian: “The excuses the CCP uses against overseas

companies, such as bribery or imperfect implementation

of accounting standards are actually issues within the

Chinese companies.

Chinese companies’ accounting fraud issues are

more common and more severe."

AmCham China’s recently released report showed that

70% of U.S. companies said their operations in China

are “profitable or very profitable". However, 47% feel

unwelcome in China in terms of doing business.

Bloomberg’s editorial article said the real loser of the CCP’s

recoding breaking fine of USD 975 million against mobile

phone chip maker Qualcomm is China’s economy. With the

economic issues, China particularly needs foreign investment.

The CCP’s blackmail of foreign companies

will only push foreign companies away.

In 2014 many foreign companies including Microsoft, Audi,

Mercedes-Benz, McDonald’s, were investigated by the CCP.

Xie Tian, “Western companies in China believe

their operations in China are unpopular.

They really feel like that. Many western companies

have begun to leave China."

Qualcomm agreed on Monday to pay the fine of

6.088 billion Yuan (about $975 million) to the CCP

Reform and Development Committee to settle the

14-month antitrust investigation.

U.S. magazine China Affairs editor Wu Fan, “The Qualcomm

fine is nearly $1 billion, which is unprecedented.

I use your chips and design, but you earn more money than

me. So the CCP is not happy.

I will fine you as you do not follow my rules

and my antitrust laws.

Nevertheless, this company is still willing to accept the

CCP’s conditions, because it likes China’s market."

Accordingly Qualcomm not only needs to pay the fine,

but is also forced to adjust the patent licensing fees.

Its actual loss will be several times higher than the fine.

Qualcomm’s patent licensing fees accounted for 58% of

last year’s profit. China is the largest market of Qualcomm.

Qualcomm’s patent licensing fee income might drop 30%,

about $1.8 billion a year.

AmCham’s survey report also indicated that with the

implementation of the CCP’s new network security policy,

foreign technology companies will be forced to disclose

sensitive source code related to intellectual property.

Or else they will have to withdraw from the China market.

Interview/Zhu Zhishan Edit/ChenJie