【新唐人2014年12月19日訊】總部在紐約的「保護記者委員會」，17號發佈了年度全球新聞自由狀況的報告，報告認為，今年全球新聞自由狀況糟糕，而中國是世界上監禁記者最多的國家。同時觀察人士表示，當局今年對媒體人士的控制，也有一些新的動向。
「保護記者委員會」的報告表示，今年全球有220名記者被捕，是該組織從1990年開始這項調查以來，第二惡劣的年度，反映出專制政權崛起的全球趨勢，而中國大陸情況最糟糕，是2014年記者遭監禁最多的國家。
報告統計，中國被監禁的記者，從去年的32位躍升到今年的44位。其中，有29人是以「反政府」罪名遭到監禁，顯示現任當局對媒體、律師、異議人士和學術界的言論尺度日趨緊縮。
而44人裡，有將近一半是藏人或維吾爾人，包括學者、「維吾爾在線」網站創辦人伊力哈木•土赫提，以及幫助他維護網站的7名學生。
但知名新媒體推動者北風指出，實際上被監禁或拘留的記者，遠不止44名。
知名新媒體推動者北風：「在2014年抓了，然後拘留超過一個月時間，然後又放了的那些，並沒有統計在內。他們的統計辦法，是在九月份或十月份的某個時間點，還在牢裡的統計。所以說，被政府抓，或者刑事拘留的記者，其實要遠遠超過『保護記者委員會』統計的數字。」
而「自由亞洲電臺」引述「保護記者委員會」亞洲部主任迪亞茲的話說，2014年中國的新聞自由狀況尤其糟糕之外，還有一個新的動向。
「保護記者委員會」亞洲部主任迪亞茲：「今年中國政府監禁記者的人數是我們在1990年開始統計以來人數最多的一年，過去常常是維族或者藏族人因為辦網站或者寫博客文章而被投進監獄，而現在我們看到一些主流媒體的記者也因為觸犯敏感問題而遭到監禁。這反映出中國政府對新聞業的管制更加嚴格，而不是過去那種僅僅嚴格控制異議人士言論的做法。」
北風也表示，今年當局在行政手段外，進一步動用了司法手段控制媒體人士。
北風：「去年四月份九號文件，也就是『七不准』在反意識形態鬥爭以來，其實是全面加緊對中國新聞媒體的控制。這種控制不僅包括傳統的，用行政命令的方式，加強內容的審查和事後的追懲，其實也包括進一步動用司法的手段，對記者、編輯、自由作家進行迫害。」
今年受到國際關注的中國被捕的媒體人士，包括記者高瑜、財新傳媒文化編輯徐曉、以及大陸作家鐵流等等。81歲的鐵流被懷疑是因為在網上發表批評中共政治局常委、前中宣部部長劉雲山的文章，而被當局以「尋釁滋事罪」被正式起訴、批准逮捕。
原陝西電視臺記者馬曉明：「他主要就是，一個是懲治這些『離經叛道』，不執行他們新聞控制的這些編輯記者，再一個就是為了警示其他的編輯記者。」
「保護記者委員會」的報告說，除監禁記者外，北京也實施新法令，限制採訪範疇以及拒絕核發國際記者簽證。
除了中國大陸以外，另外9個監禁記者最嚴重的國家，依次是伊朗、厄立特里亞、衣索比亞、越南，埃及和敘利亞並列第六，之後是緬甸、亞塞拜然、和土耳其。這些國家大多位處非洲、中東及亞洲，有些國家戰亂頻傳，有些是威權體制。
而「記者無疆界」16號在巴黎發表的2014年新聞記者年報，也指責中國是逮捕囚禁記者最多的國家。報告說，中國關押職業記者的人數，佔全世界的17%，關押公民記者的人數，則佔全球的44%。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/尚燕
220 Journalists Arrested Worldwide in 2014 China ranked
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ),
headquartered at New York City,
released its annual global press freedom report on Dec.17.
The report says, the global press freedom situation is worse,
while China has the most imprisoned journalists in the world.
Meanwhile, observers say the authorities have
some new trends for controlling the media this year.
The CPJ Report says that this year, worldwide, a total
of 220 journalists have been arrested.
According to the survey, since the year 1990, 2014 is the
second to worst year, reflecting a worldwide trend
in authoritarian regimes exerting their powers.
China has been labelled as having the worst statistics
for most imprisoned journalists in 2014.
The report says that China imprisoned 44 journalists
in 2014 which jumped from 32 in last year.
Among them, 29 were sentenced to jail
with the charges of “anti-government",
and this shows the incumbent authorities increasingly
tightening the speech censoring of media,
lawyers, dissidents and academics.
Among 44 confined journalists, nearly half are Tibetan
or Uighurs including scholar Ilham Tohti,
who is the co-founder of Uighurbiz website, including his
seven students who help him to maintain the website.
But well-known media promoter Bei Feng says,
in fact the number of imprisoned or detained
journalists is far more than 44.
Bei Feng:"Those journalists who were caught in 2014,
then detained for over a month and finally released,
they are not included.
Their statistical method in counting the total number
of jailed journalists is at some time between
September or October.
So, the authentic number of journalists being caught
or detained are in fact far more than the statistical
figures of CPJ."
“Radio Free Asia" quoted what CPJ Asia director Diaz said,
and reported that in 2014,
the situation of Chinese press freedom is particularly bad.
In addition to this, there is a new trend occuring.
CPJ Asia director Diaz: “This year the number of imprisoned
journalists by the Chinese authorities,
is the highest since we began keeping records in 1990.
In the past, Uighur or Tibetan people were jailed due to their
sponsoring websites or writing blog articles.
But now we see some mainstream media journalists
also imprisoned for breaching sensitive topics.
This reflects the Chinese government executes
more stringent controls upon journalism,
rather than only the past practice for strictly controlling
the dissident speech."
Bei Feng also said that this year, in addition to applying
administrative means to regulate media professionals,
the Chinese authorities utilises judicial means
to control the media professionals even further.
Bei Feng: “The official document issued on April 9,
includes ‘seven prohibitions’, fully tightening
their control over Chinese media.
Such control includes not only traditional administrative orders,
which strengthens the content censoring and punishment,
but also the means of justice against journalists, editors
and freelance writers."
Included in the arrests of Chinese journalists this year are,
Gao Yu, Xu Xiao media culture editor for Caixin
and mainland writer Tie Liu.
Tie Liu who is 81-years of age, has been formally charged
and approved for the arrest of the crime affray.
It is believed Tie published online articles criticising Liu Yunshan,
the incumbent Politburo Standing Committee member
and former Minister of the Central Propaganda Department.
Former Shaanxi TV reporter Ma Xiaoming: “The CCP’s target
of confining journalists is to punish these ‘deviant’ guys,
who do not carry out the censorship policy.
This allows CCP to alert other editors and reporters."
The report of CJP says that, in addition to confining
the journalists,
Beijing has also implemented new laws to restrict the scope
of the interview and also refusing to issue visa’s
to international journalists.
In addition to China, there are nine other countries who have
severely imprisoned journalists,
including Iran, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Egypt and Syria
(tied sixth), Myanmar, Azerbaijan and Turkey (by sequence).
Most of these countries are located in Africa,
Middle East and Asia.
Some countries experience frequent wars and chaos,
some are authoritarian regimes.
The “Reporters Without Borders" published a 2014 Round-Up
of Violence Against Journalists in Paris
on Dec.16th,
which also states that China has the biggest imprisoned journalists
in the world.
The report says, the jailed journalists in China accounts for
17 percent of the world, and the jailed citizen-journalists
accounted for 44 percent of the world.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/ShangYan