【新唐人2014年10月22日訊】中共正在進行的四中全會，首度把「依法治國」作為主題來討論，但是外界似乎並沒有感到太多欣喜。不少聲音質疑，中共現任總書記習近平提出的「任何組織和個人，都沒有超越憲法和法律的特權」，其中是否包括共產黨本身？外界認為，共產黨執政合法性問題，是首要解決的問題。

目前「依法治國」這一話題受到各方高度關注，各大媒體都在探討，在中共獨裁統治下的中國，是否能真正進行依法治國。

《法國廣播電臺》針對中共在四中全會開幕前夕一系列的違法行為，提出了「依法治國還是黨比法大」的質疑。例如數十人因為表態支持香港佔中被抓，公盟創始人郭玉山被捕，關心維漢團結的知識份子伊力哈木被判無期徒刑等。

有學者認為，中共在宣誓依法或依憲治國的同時，會為自己的黨超越憲法的特權，預留空間。「依法治國」的前景不容樂觀。

《亞洲新聞週刊》總監黃金秋：「要正兒八經依法治國，那就應該按照憲法的精神，所有黨派都要在憲法的框架內進行活動，包括共產黨都要到民政部進行社團註冊，每年都要年檢，繳納註冊費，黨產和國產要分開，你不能用國庫來發工資。」

實際上，中共的執政合法性近年來越來越受到各界質疑。賀衛方、陳有西、何兵等北京法律專家，在中國政法大學講課時說，共產黨作為一個組織，並沒有在民政部門登記註冊，是個不合法的組織。

著名歷史學者辛灝年也曾撰文指出，以軍事暴力建立，把既成事實施加於被統治者，並且從來不給被統治者表達認同或反對的機會，這樣的政府在程式上是不合法的。

而在中共四中全會開始前，中國「法治三老」之一、86歲的郭道暉就對國內媒體說，真正的法治是法的統治，任何人，包括執政黨，都要受到法的支配。

他說，一個部門、地方制定的法規、黨委的「紅頭文件」等，甚至只是保護某個特殊利益集團利益的所謂「法」，都說是依法辦事。這樣的法治，只是形式法治，甚至是惡法之治。

對於「依法治國」，郭道暉認為最重要的正是公民的基本權利，但是在中國，連人權的保護都還沒有法律。

雖然中國憲法規定，「公民有言論、出版、集會、結社、遊行、示威的自由。」「有批評、建議、控訴或者申訴政府的權利。」但是這些權利大都還沒有立法，公民和社會組織的權利受到侵犯，得不到司法救濟，只能依靠上訪。

曾盤踞中共政法委10年的周永康，當時曾提倡「政治是大道，司法是小技，鵰蟲小技必須服從於政治」的謬論，也使公民的權利從根本上受到輕視和打壓。

如今，周永康已經失勢，當局也高調提出要「依法治國」的口號。一黨統治下的中國，是否可能出現法比黨大的局面呢？

北京憲政學者陳永苗在接受《新唐人》採訪時說，在有中共存在的情況下，這是天方夜譚。

北京憲政學者陳永苗：「蘇聯在它的中後期也提出了依法治國，它也不可避免地走向瓦解，堅持黨的領導跟依法治國本身是衝突的。」

黃金秋：「法治國家必須要有民主來配合，如果沒有民主相配合就是一個獨裁國家，一個希特勒國家。大家有事情通過司法途徑來解決，才能實現習近平所說的中國夢。」

事實上，在當今中共統治下的中國，關心國家前途的異見人士，報導事實真相的記者，維護公民權利的律師，舉報貪官的公民，以及因為信仰而遭到關押的民眾，比比皆是。

那麼，四中全會後，習近平要如何讓每一個案件都能體現「公平正義」，外界將持續觀察。

採訪編輯/劉惠 後製/鍾元

Is China with Rule of Law or is CCP Beyond the Law?

The ongoing Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s

Fourth Plenary Session includes, for the first time,

the topic of “Rule of Law" in its agenda;

but the outside world appears not too optimistic.

Many are questioning whether CCP members are included

in Party Secretary Xi Jinping’s statement, “No organization

or individual has the right to go beyond the Constitution

or the law", and whether the CCP is above the rule of law.

The topic is attracting wide attention and major media

are exploring whether such rule of law can be implemented

under the CCP dictatorship.

Radio France Internationale (RFI) raised the question:

“Is there Rule of Law or is the CCP Beyond the Law?"

while exposing a series of illegal activities by the CCP

before the opening of the Fourth Plenary Session.

For example, the CCP arrested dozens of people who showed

support for the Occupy Central movement in Hong Kong;

arrested Public Association (Gongmen) founder, Guo Yushan;

and sentenced intellectual, Ilham, to life imprisonment for

caring about the unity of Uygur and Han ethnic groups.

Some scholars believe that the CCP will save its privileges

of being above the Constitution.

Asia’s News Weekly director, Huang Jinqiu:

“The government should follow the spirit of law to manage

the country and all political parties should follow the law."

“the Civil Affairs Bureau, be inspected annually

and pay for the registration fee."

““Party and state enterprises should also be separated,

as you cannot use the country’s money to pay for the Party."

The CCP’s legitimacy of rule has been becoming more

and more questionable in recent years.

He Weifang, Chen Youxi, He Bing and other legal experts

in Beijing stated during a lecture at the China University of

Political Science that the CCP is not a legitimate organization,

as it does not register at the civil affairs department.

Renowned historian, Xin Haonian, also wrote that the CCP,

as a government established on military violence, propaganda,

and who never gives people a channel to express approval

or opposition, is an illegal ruler.

Before the opening of the CCP Fourth Plenary Session,

one of China’s three senior advocates of the rule of law,

86-year-old Guo Daohui told China’s media that

the real rule includes that the ruling party obey the law.

He says the regulations set up by certain departments or

local governments, and documents from the Party committee

are even used to protect the interests of particular groups.

Following such a so-called “law" is only a formality

and it can even be called a crooked, evil law.

Guo Daohui says the most important rule of law is to protect

the fundamental rights of citizens, but China doesn’t even

have a law on protecting human rights.

Although the Chinese Constitution states that, “Citizens have

the freedom of speech, press, assembly, association,

procession and demonstration," and “the right to criticize,

suggest, complain and appeal to the government," most such

rights are not implemented in the law, so when citizens

and social organizations’ rights are violated, they cannot get

help from the judicial system and can only rely on petitioning.

The former CCP leader of Politics and Law Committee,

Zhou Yongkang, has dominated this organization for 10 years.

Zhou once advocated that, “Politics is the main path;

Judiciary is a small skill; a small skill must obey politics",

therefore fundamentally suppressing citizens’ rights.

Today Zhou Yongkang has lost his power and the authorities

are proposing a “Rule of Law"—but will the Party be beyond

the law in the one-Party China?

Beijing constitutional scholar, Chen Yongmiao, told NTD

that as long as there is a CCP, the rule of law is a fantasy.

Chen Yongmiao: “The Soviet Union had also proposed

the rule of law at the end of its rule; it inevitably collapsed."

“To uphold the Party’s leadership is conflicting to

upholding the rule of law."

Huang Jinqiu: “The rule of law needs democracy, without it,

it is a country of dictatorship, like that ruled by Hitler."

“Xi Jinping’s ‘China dream’ can only be realized

when people can use legal channels to resolve issues."

In today’s China ruled by the CCP, there are so many

examples of a lack of a rule of law, such as the arrests of

dissidents concerned about the future of the country,

or of reporters writing the truth, or lawyers helping defend

civil rights cases, or of citizens reporting on corrupt officials,

and people are also being jailed solely for their belief.

How will Xi Jinping resolve every case by following fairness

and justice after the Fourth Plenary session?

—This, the outside world will continue to observe.

Interview & Edit/LiuHui Post-Production/ZhongYuan