【新唐人2014年08月20日訊】1998年，中共推出首輪「國有企業私有化」改革，結果是中央級的國企在主要行業形成了權貴壟斷，不過，屬於地方政府的國企當年卻沒那麼「幸運」。日前，外國媒體披露，中共地方政府的債務正在推進新一輪的「國有企業私有化」改革。評論表示，中共把中國經濟引導到崩潰邊緣的時候，利用「私有化」攫取財富。
日前，英國《金融時報》報導說，中共正在推進新一輪的國有企業私有化改革，比起20年前的首輪私有化，這次是中共地方政府的債務，在推動第二輪「私有化」進程。
報導引述世界銀行前官員、中國局局長杜大偉(David Dollar)的話說，大陸部分地方政府過度舉債，難以償還，地方債問題是私有化的重要推手。
報導說，出售國企的股權能幫助政府償還超過2.9萬億美元的債務，這個數字相當於國內生產總值（GDP）的58%。
美國南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院謝田教授：「地方政府為了搞GDP，拉下巨大的債務，地方政府開始要把他們手中占有的和他能抓得到的那些國企來私有化、來還債，中國老百姓來貼補這個黑窟窿。」
美國南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院的謝田教授認為，目前中共政府發起第二輪國企私有化的目的，跟第一次「國企私有化」相似，都是在把經濟搞砸了，並且從中撈夠了錢之後，把剩下的虧空和爛攤子讓老百姓來買單。
由於文革拖垮了中國經濟，為挽救執政危機，中共在1978年，開始進行所謂的「經濟體制改革」。
而所謂的「國企改革」在1992年開了頭。在鄧小平南巡後，國企掀起了所謂的破除「鐵飯碗」、「鐵工資」和「鐵交椅」的熱潮，但隨後嚴重的失業迅速演變成一場社會危機。僅據中共勞動部門公布的資料，1993年下崗纍計300萬人，到1998年，已經纍計達到1714萬人。
1996年，國有企業虧損達到了前所未有的程度。同年國企大規模上市，兩大股市代替國家財政，成為向國企輸血的工具。而上市並沒有改變國企普遍虧損、普遍高負債的經營狀況。1997年國企虧損仍在惡化。為擺脫困境，1998年，中共進行「國企私有化」改革。
但改革並沒有給老百姓帶來利益。資料顯示，1998年至2000年，國企職工失業人數達到2137萬人，3年間以每年600萬的速度增長。
而這3年，中共國家支付大量資金救贖國有企業，共核銷銀行呆壞賬1261億元，實施債轉股4050億元，剝離國有企業不良資產13000億元。同時，307家國有企業優先上市，籌集資金2723億元，在國外上市國有企業達到22家。
北京國情內參首席研究員鞏勝利表示，中國的國有企業分中央級、省級、地市縣級國有企業，在「國企私有化」的過程中，大型央企佔據壟斷地位。
北京國情內參首席研究員鞏勝利：「主要的、所有的電力、銀行、水利，還包括土地，很多都是國有企業壟斷，它的壟斷不僅是壟斷了市場，而且壟斷了資本，還有產業鏈，在它下面的中小企業幾乎是寸草不生。」
謝田：「中共建政到『文化大革命』以後，（中共）它們把中國經濟引導到崩潰邊緣的時候，它們發現可以鼓勵私有化，一是放開競爭，再一個實際上也給那些官員以權謀私，把國有企業私家分贓、分到中共官員手中。」
謝田表示，只要中共政權在，就絕對不會放鬆在經濟上的控制，中國老百姓也不能夠真正保障自己的權益。
採訪編輯/易如 後製/舒燦
Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises To Resolve
Local Debts Or To Plunder People’s Wealth?
In 1998, the CCP launched the first round
of state-owned enterprises (SOE) privatization.
Consequently, Central SOEs became powerful monopolies
in their relevant industries.
But, local SOEs were not so lucky.
Recently, foreign media reported that local debts
have pushed another round of SOE privatization..
Critics comment that the CCP had led the Chinese economy
to the verge of collapse, and is now manipulating
the privatization of SOEs to grab wealth.
British Financial Times (FT) reported that China is pushing
a fresh round of SOE privatization.
It is local governments’ debt behind this privatization
compared to the one promoted nearly two decades ago.
FT quoted, “Local government debt problems
will be an important driving force of SOE privatization,"
says David Dollar, former World Bank country director
for China.
Selling stakes in locally owned SOEs will help local
governments pay down more than $2.9tn in debt, equivalent
to 58 percent of gross domestic product, added FT.
Professor Frank Xie of Business School, University of South
Carolina Aiken: “Local governments engage in privatization
of local SOEs to have people to pay for their debts so that
they can drive the GDP."
Professor Frank Xie believes the second round of SOE
privatization serves the same purpose as that of the first
privatization.
That is to fish out a quick buck, leave the deficit and mess
to the people and ruin the economy.
The CCP conducted economic reform in 1978 to save
its ruling power from the Chinese economic collapse.
The SOEs reform started in 1992 after Deng Xiaoping’s
southern tour.
The SOEs went through breaking the “iron rice bowl"
or job security trend.
The following unemployment quickly turned
into a social crisis.
The CCP Labor Department data showed laid off accumulated
from 3 million in 1993 to 17.14 million people in 1998.
In 1996, SOE losses reached an unprecedented level.
The same year, many SOEs became listed companies.
The two major stock markets became a tool to transfer wealth
to the listed SOEs.
The listings did not improve the general loss and high debts
of SOEs.
In 1997, the SOEs continued to deteriorate.
To overcome adversity, CCP started the first privatization
of SOEs in 1998.
This reform did not benefit the people.
Data shows that from 1998 to 2000, the number
of unemployed workers in SOEs reached 21.37 million,
at a growth rate of six million per year.
In those three years, the CCP exploited national assets to save
SOEs by writing off a total of 126.1 billion yuan of bad
loans, turning 405 billion yuan of debts into stocks,
stripping 1.3 trillion yuan of bad assets from SOEs.
Meanwhile, 307 SOEs had the priority to be listed to raise
272.3 billion yuan of funds while 22 SOEs
were listed overseas.
Chief economic researcher of Beijing think tank,
Gong Shengli, indicates that SOEs at all levels, from
the Central to local, occupied monopoly status during
the privatization process.
Gong Shengli: “The electricity, banking, water conservancy,
land, many are state-owned monopolies.
Its monopoly is not just in the market, but also in the capital
and the industrial chain.
The SMEs below it are almost deserted."
Frank Xie: “Since the establishment of its regime up until
the Cultural Revolution, when the CCP led the Chinese
economy to the brink of collapse, it realized the privatization
will allow for competition, and the officials
to abuse power for private spoils."
Frank Xie indicates the CCP regime will never loosen its grip
on the economy or allow the people to protect their interests.
Interview & Edit/YiRu Post-Production/ShuCai