【新唐人2014年03月21日訊】近幾個月，國際大型連鎖超市「沃爾瑪」集團，突然關閉在中國各地的十多家分店，各地員工因不滿店方的安置方案，連續幾天集體罷工，並在店外拉起橫幅抗議。週四上午，安徽省馬鞍山「沃爾瑪」一些員工因拉橫幅抗議被抓捕。湖南常德「沃爾瑪」工會主席也因替員工維權「被喝茶」警告。

「中國勞動關係學院」教授王江松，3月19號發佈一篇題為「常德沃爾瑪關店引起的勞資衝突正在升級」的博文，他說，世界500強「沃爾瑪」要關常德水星樓分店，遭遇勞工權利制衡，全店員工在工會主席的帶領下奮起維權。

文章說，常德商務局長率隊為資方保駕護航，並叫囂要調警察前來抓人。挺身履職的工會主席黃興國，簽署委託書給副主席說：我若進去了，你繼續！

3月20號中午12點多，《新唐人》致電常德「沃爾瑪」工會主席黃興國，詢問詳細情況。

湖南常德沃爾瑪工會主席黃興國：「我剛從派出所出來，轄區的政法委書記和我在做警示性談話，告訴我，我們的行為已經違法了，人員在賣場阻礙了公共秩序，要我趕快召集正面的宣傳，大家撤離經營場所。」

黃興國說，政法委還要他個人保證，他所領導的維權小組停止一切違法的行為，走合法維權的道路。他表示，他們的員工只是在店裡維權，不存在違法。

黃興國介紹，3月5號，他們這家「沃爾瑪」分店向職工發出通知，宣佈3月19號停止營業，正式關店。100多名職工不滿，他就帶領職工們維權。

黃興國：「這家商場在3月19號正式關門，然後在當日，就是由外邊的員工替代了現有的員工，員工認為這是對自己人權的侵犯。因為大家都是勞動者，現有的員工能夠勝任現在的工作，所以大家不接受企業單方面解除勞動合同的安置方案。」

王江松說，「沃爾瑪」在中國有400多家店，它憑藉國際品牌的優勢，進駐了中國市場，它掙錢有「奇招」，一旦這個店賺的錢差不多了，它就關掉再開新店。

中國勞動關係學院教授王江松：「剛開始的時候它是憑藉勞動力廉價優勢，但是勞工現在物價上漲，需求也在提高，工資福利的要求，還有權利意識都在提高，然後它就以關舊店，來開新店，不斷開新店的方式，來繼續它的資本運作。」

王江松說，這樣的話，它是以犧牲勞工的權益，來獲得它利潤的最高化，這是它的一個經營戰術。

王江松：「去年它關了十幾家店，有個別店的員工是反抗了，但是大部分店都沒有反抗，就這樣被他們給踢掉了，但今年這個情況不一樣，今年已經從常德店，到馬鞍山店，這些工人都起來維權了。」

王江松說，20號上午，安徽「馬鞍山沃爾瑪」的員工拉橫幅抗議被裁員，大批特警趕到現場，抓走幾名員工，還把其他員工全部從店內趕出去，大部分員工都是女性。

記者致電「馬鞍山沃爾瑪」詢問詳細情況。接線員說，她們都是從其他店調過來，不了解情況﹔記者又致電「沃爾瑪深圳總部」，接線員告訴記者一個北京號碼，但記者多次撥打無人接聽。

王江松分析，「沃爾瑪」關店肯定是總部的意思，但國家對於企業關店、閉場沒有明文規定，他們就以合法關店的方式，把許多員工進行經濟性裁員。

王江松：「他們都是單方面宣佈關店，不通過工會和員工大會的通過，也不按照法律提前一個月通知，然後就宣佈關店，給一個很低的安置條件，然後把這些人趕走，這些人可能在沃爾瑪工作十幾年，他一系列的待遇包括保險等等，都成了問題﹗」

王江松說，這些被裁員的員工找過商務局，也找過勞動糾察大隊，找過勞動局，和總工會，他們不僅不管，還支持「沃爾瑪關店」，並派警察抓人。

採訪編輯/李韻 後製/舒燦

Chinese Wal-Mart Employees Protest Layoffs

Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer, abruptly closed

more than 10 stores in China in recent months.

Laid-off workers began to protest the settlement.

For days, banners and protestors were seen outside

of local stores.

On Thursday morning, several Wal-Mart employees

at the Maanshan branch in Anhui Province were arrested

during the protest.

Also, Wal-Mart Union president at the Changde store

in Hunan Province was invited to “have tea" –an expression

meaning an interrogation and a warning— with the police

for his support of the protest.

Professor at China Institute of Industrial Relations,

Wang Jiangsong, posted a March 19 blog regarding

the escalating capital-labor caused by the closing

of Wal-Mart chain stores in China.

He took the Changde Wal-Mart store in Hunan Province

as an example, where the Union President

led all store employees in a labor rights

protest against the closing of Wal-Mart.

He stated that the Secretary of Changde Commercial

Bureau defended the company and claimed

to have dispatched police to arrest the protestors.

Wal-Mart Union President of Changde, Huang Xingguo

signed a power of attorney to the Vice President and said,

“If I am arrested, you’ll continue!"

At noon on March 20, NTD called Huang Xingguo,

Wal-Mart Union President of Changde.

Huang Xingguo, Wal-Mart Union President of Changde:

“I just came back from the police station.

The district Political and Legal Affairs Committee secretary

warned me that our behaviors have violated the laws,

saying that the employees have hampered

with public order at the store.

He wanted me to conduct positive talks to encourage

everyone to leave the premises."

The Political and Legal Affairs Committee demanded

that Huang Xingguo personally guarantee his team

will stop all “illegal" activities, however, Huang argued

that the protests at the store are legal.

On March 5, at the Changde Wal-Mart branch Huang

Xingguo issued a notice of store closing on March 19.

He led the protest because more than 100 store workers

were displeased with the announcement.

Huang Xingguo: “This store closed on March 19.

But, on the same day, workers from elsewhere

came to replace the previous employees.

Our employees feel their rights have been violated.

We are all capable laborers able to fulfill our duties.

We refused to accept this unilateral termination

by corporate."

Wang Jiangsong said, “There are more than 400 Wal-Mart

chain stores in China.

They are stationed in the Chinese market taking

advantage of internationalism.

They make money by closing a store that was earning

enough and opening the new one."

Wang Jiangsong, Professor of China Institute

of Industrial Relations:

“At the beginning it (Wal-Mart) was taking advantage

of cheap labor.

But the demands are higher due to inflation, so are the wages

and benefits, as well as consciousness of the worker’s rights.

So, now they continue the capital operation by closing

old stores and opening new ones, one after another."

Wang Jiangsong explains that Wal-Mart China has operated

with the tactic of profitting at the expense of labor rights.

Wang Jiangsong: “Last year they closed more than 10 stores.

Some (employees) voiced their resistance, but the majority

did not and got kicked out.

But, this year, it’s different.

Employees started to protest from Changde to Maanshan."

Wang Jiangsong says that Maanshan branch employees

protested on March 20 due to lay offs.

A large number of special police rushed to the scene

and arrested several employees.

The rest were expelled from the store,

the majority being women.

Our reporter called the Maanshan Walmart

to ask for details.

The operator explained they were transferred over from other

stores and were unaware of the situation.

The reporter tried Wal-Mart’s headquarters in Shenzhen

but was given another number in Beijing.

However, no one answered the call in Beijing.

Wang Jiangsong believes closing a local branch

is definitely the decision of the headquarters.

Since there‘s no clear regulation in China regarding shutting

down stores, closing stores has become a legal way

to conduct layoffs for financial reasons.

Wang Jiangsong: “They unilaterally declared the store closing

without any discussion with the Union

or the employees, or following the one month’s

advance notice in accordance with the law.

Once the store is closed, with a very low settlement,

workers who have worked for Wal-Mart for years

would encounter issues of benefits, insurance,

and more."

Wang Jiangsong indicates that these laid off workers

have sought help from Business Bureau, Labor Picketing

Battalion, Bureau of Labor, and Trade Unions.

However, rather than providing support, these units assist

Wal-Mart by calling police to arrest the workers.

Interview & Edit/Li Yun Post-Production/Shu Can