【新唐人2013年10月12日訊】一份針對美國在華經營企業的調查報告顯示，美國企業對中國的投資熱情減弱。其中，成本增加、中國經濟增速放緩、和常年的市場准入壁壘等，是主要原因。曾經蜂擁而來的海外投資，那份熱情為何在短短几年間減退呢？一起來聽聽專家的分析。
據媒體報導，美中貿易全國委員會本週四發佈的一項調查報告顯示，把中國列為最重要海外市場的公司數量繼續下降。今年，僅有15%的受訪公司把中國列為最重要的海外市場，而去年這一比例為22%。同時，僅有52%的企業，打算在未來一年內擴大在華經營的規模，這一比例在一年前為67%。
這份報告還列舉了美國企業在中國面臨的十大挑戰。位於前三位的分別是成本上漲、來自中國本土企業的競爭、和行政註冊。
美國南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院教授謝田：「成本上漲是眾所周知的。一個是勞動力價格上漲，主要是因為通貨膨脹太嚴重。工資也在上漲。中國本土企業的競爭，實際上是很含蓄的在說中國那些仿冒、盜版非常猖獗，使得外國的產品幾乎沒辦法和這些山寨的產品來公平競爭，這個實際是產權的最大問題。」
在過去幾年間，中國的勞動力成本以兩位數的水平飆漲，這讓一些美國製造商搬離中國。在2011年和2012年，在華美企都把人力資源作為最大的問題，他們表示很難在中國尋找到合適的人才。
上海美國商會2月28號發佈的《2012-2013中國商業報告》，顯示在華美國企業連續兩年盈利水平下滑，主要也是因為人力成本不斷上升，以及中國經濟放緩的問題。
此外，高昂的租金成本，也讓一些紮根多年的「老店」撤離。
今年6月底，美商星巴克咖啡集團關閉了位於北京國貿商城一層的店面。這家店是「星巴克」在中國大陸的首家店。
有媒體估算，「星巴克國貿店」一年的租金和人工成本超過700萬元，租金可能是三期的兩倍，而且還有逐漸水漲船高的勢頭。
今年3月，在北京長安商場經營20年的「麥當勞」速食店關門謝客。
而全球零售巨頭「家樂福」，在過去的三年已經在大陸關閉了至少6家店。
至於行政註冊的挑戰，謝田指出，實際是中共體制殭化及官僚腐敗盛行的問題。外國企業發現他們要想在中國成功，就必須打通關係，可能處處被迫參與行賄。而這些在西方國家來說，都是違法的。
除此之外，據報導，受訪企業對於它們在與中國本土企業競爭中，遭受中共當局的不公正待遇，感到擔憂。
謝田：「這個是有的，中共是偏袒它的國有企業的。實際上中國的民營企業、中小資本、中小企業也同樣受到這種不公正待遇。不光是政策上的歧視，還有銀行貸款和其他法規、行政官員、地方官員的聯繫上，處處都體現這種區別的對待。」
8月21號，英國《路透社》引述一名消息人士的話指稱，中共發改委在7月底召集了大約30家外企，要求他們「坦白」壟斷行為，並且警告這些外企，如果對抗，對它們的罰金將會翻倍。
中國金融分析師任中道指出，這就是中共在耍流氓。
中國金融分析師任中道：「大家現在都在討論一個問題，就是政治向左，經濟向右。經濟向右就是要做改革，因為被迫已經沒有出路了。它不改革的話，經濟崩潰會導致它政權的崩潰。它對一些外企，比如醫藥、奶粉，還有一些進口的車輛，在反壟斷，它煽動起這種民族情緒。它其中就有一種不公正的對待。」
謝田表示，上述問題並非近來才出現，只不過中國目前整體經濟急劇惡化，這些問題越來越浮現水面，外資企業也因此大大減退了他們在中國投資的熱情。
採訪/易如 編輯/王子琦 後製/孫寧
New Report: the Enthusiasm of US Investment in China Waned
A report of US enterprises in China showed that the
enthusiasm for US investment in China weakened.
The main reasons include increasing costs, China’s economic
slowdown and perennial market access barriers, etc.
How can the passion of swarms of foreign investors wane in
just a few years?
Let’s listen to the expert’s analysis.
According to the media, the US-China Business Council
released a report on Thursday showing that the number of
companies who put China as the most important overseas
market continues to decline.
This year, only 15% of respondents named China as the most
important overseas market, while it was 22% last year.
Meanwhile, only 52% of enterprises intend to expand in
China in the coming year, while it was 67% one year ago.
The report also listed ten challenges for
American enterprises in China.
The top three are increasing costs, competition from
local enterprises in China and administrative registration.
USA, University of South Carolina, Aiken Business School
Professor, Xie Tian: It is well known that there are
two reasons for rising costs.
One is labor costs are increasing which is mainly because
of inflation being too severe.
The other is wages are rising.
Chinese local enterprises competition implied rampant
counterfeit and piracy mean the foreign product can’t
compete fairly against fake products.
This is the biggest problem involving property rights.
。
In the past few years, China’s labor costs’ have grown in
double digits causing some U.S. manufacturers to
move away from China.
From 2011 to 2012, the biggest problem for US enterprises in
China was the difficulty in finding the right talent.
The 28th February, Shanghai American Chamber of Commerce
released the 2012-2013 China Business Report showing the
main reasons of US enterprises consecutive two years sliding
profitability in China are increasing labor costs increasing
and China’s economic slowdown.
In addition, the high rental costs make some foreign
businesses close down after years of operation.
June of this year, the US Starbucks coffee group closed a
store in Beijing International Shopping Mall.
This was the first Starbucks store in China mainland.
Some media estimates state that the Starbucks international
store has more than 7 million yuan in rental and
labor costs in per year.
The rent may be doubled and even has a corresponding rise.
In March, McDonald’s closed a store at Chang An
Shopping mall in Beijing.
The global retail giants “Carrefour" has closed at least six
stores in China in the past three years.
Xie Tian pointed out that the administrative registration
challenge exists, because of rigid system and
bureaucratic corruption in China.
To succeed in China, foreign companies have to participate
in bribery everywhere to make it through.
This is illegal in Western countries.
In addition, it is reported that the companies surveyed have
suffered unfair treatment from the communist authorities
in competing with local enterprises in China.
Xie Tian: Since the communist authorities favor its
state-owned enterprises, China’s private enterprises,
small and medium enterprises are also affected by injustice.
The discrimination is not only in policy, but also bank
loans and regulations, administrative officials and
local officials’ connections.
You can find different treatment everywhere.
August 21, British Reuters quoted sources saying, the China
Development and Reform Commission convened with about 30
foreign companies to confess their monopolistic behavior and
warned that their fines would be double if they resisted.
China financial analyst Ren Zhongdao pointed out that the
Chinese Communist Party is bullying.
China financial analyst Ren Zhongdao: the problem we are
discussing now is that the politics turn “left" and
economics turn “right".
The economics turn “right" means we have to undergo economic
reform because there is no way out.
Without economic reform, economic collapse will lead to
the collapse of the regime.
In 2011, for foreign companies including medicine, milk, and
some imported vehicles, the CCP is preventing
them from acting as a monopoly.
It stirs up nationalist feeling of antitrust and there might
be unfair treatment.
Xie Tian said that the problem appearing recently is because
of China’s overall economy is rapidly deteriorating.
With these problems increasingly surfacing, the enthusiasm
for foreign investment has been greatly diminished.