【新唐人2013年07月26日訊】清華大學法學博士王進文在美國《紐約時報》撰文說，在剛剛過去的一週，中國有兩件司法案子，引起了人們的強烈關注與激烈爭論。那就是受賄六千萬的前鐵道部部長劉志軍被判「死緩」；而湘西地產商人曾成傑被秘密處死。中國民眾用了一個新的詞語來諷刺這種現狀，叫「死刑雙軌制」。

湖南法院在未通知家屬的情況下處死曾成傑，最初的解釋是﹕曾成傑在被執行死刑前沒有提出會見家屬的要求。後來，法院再解釋說﹕法院沒有曾成傑家屬的聯繫電話。

清華的法學博士王進文撰文指出，在法院都難以自圓其說的情況下，不得不令輿論懷疑﹕這其中必有隱情。

北京外國語大學新聞學副教授喬木：「好多人說，曾成傑雖然零八年就判了死刑，但是最高法院一直沒有核准，也沒有執行，但是當湖南省的最高領導、一把手從湖南調到最高法院當了院長以後，很快不到三個月就核准執行。」

王進文文章說，在立法與司法層面普遍認可了非暴力犯罪不處以極刑的原則下，曾成傑仍然被執行死刑，不能不令人感到震驚。基於身份之不對等形成的不同結果，已經使得「法律面前人人平等」的基本原則落空，「罪刑法定」也因人為原因變得模糊甚至扭曲。

北京凱泰律師事務所律師謝燕益：「現在的中國社會，普通公民對於司法，對於法律沒有任何的信任感。甚至是對於法律的信任已經到了絕望的狀態。曾成傑的案件又可以說是出現了這麼一個死刑，而且程序都是違法的，無異於給民間依法治國希望啊，給予了一個毀滅性的打擊。」

中國在2011年2月25號通過的刑法修正案中，取消了13個經濟性非暴力犯罪死刑罪名，包括﹕票據詐騙罪、金融憑證詐騙罪、信用證詐騙罪等。當時法學界還就「集資詐騙罪」是否廢除死刑進行了爭論。

北京「瑞豐律師事務所」律師李方平指出，中國的反貪起點很低，貪污十萬就可以判死刑，一萬的話就可以追究刑事責任。但是實際上官、民之間的量刑反差很明顯。

北京瑞豐律師事務所律師李方平：「 很多的，尤其是高官，很少有死刑。有一些如果沒有職務的話，假如說貪污幾百萬，上千萬的話，不可避免的可能要處以死刑。而且一些民間的企業家因為融資等等問題，所謂的經濟犯罪，也判處死刑。」

王進文認為，死刑緩期執行，作為中國特有的刑罰種類，實際效果可被視為是對死刑的「變相否定」。但在中國，「死緩」這種特殊的刑罰，在量刑中經常面臨不確定性和模糊地帶。

謝燕益：「如果這種狀況持續下去的話，是很危險的。現在這個依法治國、法律實際上在中國這個現實環境中的尷尬境地，完全淪為一種政治工具。而且，它完全是沒有掩飾，就非常露骨的對於官僚權貴利益的袒護，對於民間的、普通的刑事案件的嚴刑峻法。」

山東「岳首律師事務所」律師趙永林指出，「死刑雙軌制」是政治上的不公正在法律層面的延伸。從政治層面，包括公民的基本權利和官員的權利，採取兩個標準。

山東嶽首律師事務所律師趙永林：「深層的原因還是國家的根本制度。沒有建立起一個公民社會，沒有一個建國的基本理念，我們國家到底是一個公民的國家﹖還是一個特權階層的國家？政治層面上一些最基本的價值觀解決不了，那麼在法律層面上無非就是這些不公正的一個投影罷了。」

王進文警告，曾成傑案件突顯了民營企業的生存困境，既需要依附於權力，又隨時有被權力吞噬的危險。

採訪編輯/秦雪 後製/陳建銘

Liu Zhijun vs. Zeng Chengjie: Death-Penalty Dual-Track

Wang Jinwen, a law doctor from Tsinghua University,

published an article in US newspaper the New York Times

which says there were two judicial cases last week

that aroused strong concern and intense debate.

Former railway minister Liu Zhijun was given a suspended

death sentence for taking 60 million yuan in bribes;

while Zeng Chengjie, a property developer in Xiangxi,

was secretly executed.

Chinese people created a new phrase to satirize it,

“dual-track of death penalty."

Hunan court executed Zeng Chengjie without notifying

his family.

The court initially explained that Zeng didn’t ask to see

his family before execution.

Later, the court also explained that they didn’t have

the contact information of Zeng’s family.

Tsinghua University law doctor Wang Jinwen

wrote in the article that it’s very suspicious that

the court couldn’t explain itself.

here must be hidden factors.

Qiao Mu, an Associate Professor of Journalism,

Beijing Foreign Studies University: “Although Zeng Chengjie

received the death penalty in 2008, the Supreme Court

neither approved it, nor enforced it until less than

three months after Hunan’s highest official was transferred

to be the president of the Supreme Court."

Wang Jinwen’s article indicates that it’s shocking that

Zeng was executed when the legislative and judicial levels

generally recognized that non-violent crimes

don’t receive capital punishment.

People receive different sentences due to their identities,

which ignores the basic principle of “equality before law."

“Legally Prescribed Punishment" is blurred and distorted

due to human causes.

Lawyer Xie Yanyi, from Beijing Kaitai Law Firm:

“Common Chinese citizens trust neither the judicial system

nor the legal system nowadays.

They hold no hope for the legal system.

Zeng Chengjie was executed.

All the procedures were illegal, which ruined

people’s hope for the legal system."

13 economic nonviolent crime death penalty charges were

abolished in the Criminal Law Amendment on Feb. 25, 2011,

such as bills fraud, financial certificate fraud,

letter of credit fraud, and so on.

Legal experts debated whether the death penalty

for financial fraud should be abolished or not.

Lawyer Li Fangping from Beijing Ruifeng Law Firm says

the amount of corruption is very low to cause such punishment.

100,000 yuan in bribes can result in the death penalty.

10,000 yuan in bribes can be held criminally responsible.

However, sentences given to high level officials

and common people are very different.

Lawyer Li Fangping from Beijing Ruifeng Law Firm:

“Many people, especially high-level officials,

don’t receive the death penalty.

Some officials without duties, if they take tens of millions

in bribes, may not avoid the death penalty.

However, some private entrepreneurs received the death

penalty because of financial fraud, so-called economic crime."

Wang Jinwen believes “suspended death"

is China’s special penalty.

It can be considered a denial of the death penalty in disguise.

But in China, there’s often uncertainty and ambiguity

when handing down “suspended death."

Xie Yanyi: “It’s very dangerous to let this situation continue.

In the real environment of China, the rule of law is actually

completely used as a political tool.

It also obviously shields bureaucrats and bigwigs’ interests,

and sentences severe penalties to the people’s criminal cases."

Lawyer Zhao Yonglin from Shandong Yueshou Law Firm

says “dual-track of death penalty" is an expansion of political injustice on the legal level.

There are two standards for citizen’s basic rights

and officials’ rights on the political level.

Lawyer Zhao Yonglin, Shandong Yueshou Law Firm:

“The deeper reason is the country’s fundamental system.

Without building a civil society, without a basic idea

of the founding, what kind of nation is our country?

Is it a nation of citizens?

Or a nation of privileged classes?

If some basic values can’t be found on the political level,

the injustice has to impact the legal level."

Wang Jinwen warns that Zeng Chengjie’s case shows

the difficulty private enterprises will face in order to survive.

they will need to attach themselves to the authority,

but also take the risk of being devoured by the authority.