【新唐人2012年2月7日訊】中國新年過後，中國沿海地區及傳統勞務輸出的重要省份，普遍出現用工短缺的現象。內地企業同沿海企業爭搶農民工。專家認為，這體現中國勞動力結構問題十分突出，農民工就業缺乏保障，民工寧願選擇留在家鄉，或就近在內地工作。
《美國之音》報導，旅遊省份海南，大年初七舉行首場人才招聘會，現場應聘者寥寥，簽約者更少。招聘人員對當地媒體說，這種情況十分罕見。
與以往不同的是，中國新年後的用工荒不僅沿海地區突出，四川、重慶和安徽等傳統的勞務輸出基地同樣嚴重，很多內地企業紛紛提高工資，同沿海地區爭搶農民工。部分沿海企業甚至租車到內地招工。
據湖北省就業局預計，今年中國新年前後，湖北省用工缺口達50萬-60萬。
長三角、珠三角和環渤海地區，也亟待返鄉的勞工能再次回流，以填補企業的用工需求。廣東省人社廳預計，珠三角地區節後短期缺工人數近100萬，佔珠三角務工人員總數的5%。
而北京市在大多數崗位薪資提高10%~30%的情況下，仍有近10萬個崗位在等待回城勞工。
今年的用工荒為甚麼格外突出呢？
報導說，中國社科院的研究表明，中國新增就業人口的增長，2004年以來就一直低於就業需求的增長。
另一方面，中國新年前，不少農民工奔波在討薪的路上。江蘇省人社廳去年底在全省做了一項農民工工資支付情況專項檢查，在排查的2.5萬戶用人單位中，發現拖欠工資的用人單位有1226戶，涉及農民工5.8萬人，金額1.5億元。
為何中國大陸拖欠工人薪資的事件層出不窮？農民工孫二代表示，主要是中共官員腐敗引起的惡性循環。
農民工孫二代：「政府不斷加大投資，但是政府部門一些人他要貪污吃回扣…，所以就導致投標商去賄賂官員，官員貪得無厭，不斷的索取，索取了之後，但是遲遲的不能把工程款批下來，所以就導致了整個惡性循環，建築商、投標商拿不到錢，就導致民工也拿不到錢。」
不過，除了農民工被欠薪的問題之外，農民工在城市遭遇的戶口、社會福利問題，也讓民工寧願選擇留在家鄉。
北京師範大學貧困研究中心主任李實向《美國之音》表示，目前的城鎮化進程並不徹底，農民工沒有完全融入城市，讓他們成為城市的邊緣人。這不僅扭曲了就業市場的供需，也不利社會的和諧發展。
如何改善這種「半截子」的城市化進程，解決農民工就業缺乏保障的問題？「深圳當代社會觀察研究所」所長劉開明認為，提供農民工與固定人口相同的社會福利待遇，把農民工外來暫住的流動特性固定下來，才能吸引農民工在城市就業與生活。
深圳當代社會觀察研究所所長劉開明：「第一個就是取消目前城鄉分隔的戶籍制度。跟他們的政治權利、社會權利、文化權利、經濟權利一起，都進入到他們工作跟生活的地方。給他們提供相應的社會保障，比如說，孩子的教育，他們家庭的團聚，住房、醫療、養老這一系列社會保障，以及公共的服務，包括對他們的職業技能培訓。」
另外，劉開明還提出開放組織工會，來保障工人權益等。
新唐人記者代靜、周平、蕭宇採訪報導。
Labor Shortages in China’s Coastal and Inland Areas
After Chinese New Year, there are general labor shortages
along China’s coastal areas.
These shortages are also seen in key provinces of traditional
labor services export.
Inland enterprises are competing with coastal areas for
migrant workers.
Experts believe this is a reflection of the obvious issue of
China’s labor force structure.
It shows a lack of employment protection for migrant workers,
and they prefer to stay in their hometowns or work nearby.
Voice Of America reported that only a handful of applicants
attended the first job fair held on the 7th day after New Year.
This took place at the tourist province of Hainan, and
recruiters told local media that this situation is very rare.
Unlike in the past, labor shortages after Chinese New Year
not only happened in coastal areas.
They are now also in traditional labor export bases in Sichuan,
Chongqing and Anhui.
Many inland enterprises have raised wages to compete with
the coastal areas for migrant workers.
Some coastal enterprises are even renting cars to go to inland
areas for recruitment.
According to Hubei Employment Bureau, Hubei Province has
a labor shortage of 500,000 to 600,000 around the New Year.
Enterprises also urgently need labor return in Yangtze River
Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Sea region.
Department of Human Resources and Social Security (HRSS)
in Guangdong Province predicts short-term labor shortages.
These reach nearly 1 million in the Pearl River Delta region,
after the holiday.
This is about 5% of the total number of workers in this region.
Most jobs in Beijing had 10% to 30% salary increases, but
nearly 100,000 jobs are still pending for workers to return.
Why are labor shortages especially obvious this year?
A study by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences may
have an answer.
It indicates China’s ’employment population growth’ has been
lower than ’employment in demand’ growth since 2004.
In addition, many migrant workers were working to get
their salaries paid before the Chinese New Year.
Jiangsu Province HRSS conducted a special inspection
on migrant workers’ wage payments across the province.
Out of 25,000 employing units investigated,
1226 units have delayed in paying wages.
This has impacted 5.8 million migrant workers,
to the amount of 150 million yuan.
Why do faults with workers’ salaries keep happening?
Mr Sun, a second-generation migrant worker expressed it is
a vicious circle.
It is mainly caused by the Chinese Communist Party
(CCP)’s corruption.
Mr. Sun: “The Government continues to increase investment,
but officials get kickbacks…,
so bidders have to bribe those insatiable officials who keep
asking for more and delay projects funding approval.
This has resulted in a vicious cycle, and building contractors,
bidders and migrant workers cannot get money.
In addition to delayed wages, migrant workers’ also have
problems with residency and social welfare in cities.
This makes them prefer to stay in their hometowns.
Li Shi, Director of the Poverty Research Center of Beijing
Normal University spoke to Voice Of America.
The current urbanization process is not complete.
Migrant workers are not fully integrated into the city.
They have become the side-stream of the city.
This not only distorts the job market supply and demand,
but also impacts harmonious development of the society.
How can this “unfinished" urbanization process, and the issue
of migrant workers’ lack of employment security be solved?
Liu Kaiming, Director of Shenzhen Institute of Contemporary
Observation commented.
Provide the same social opportunities to migrant workers
as the rest of the city population.
Change the flow population to fixed populations, in order
to attract migrant workers to work and live in cities.
Liu Kaiming: “First is to stop the residency registration
system which separates urban and country people.
Migrant workers’ political, social, cultural and economic
rights should be available at the places they work and live.
Provide them with social security, for example, their
children’s education, reunion with their families, housing.
Provide medical care, retirement pension, etc. all social
protection and public services, including technical training.
In addition, Liu Kaiming suggests opening workers’ unions
to protect workers’ benefits and rights.
NTD reporters Dai Jing, Zhou Ping and Xiao Yu