【新唐人2011年6月7日訊】長江中下游地區的乾旱，不僅直接殃及河流、湖泊，而且使農業、漁業受到很大的衝擊。中國大陸的環保部6月初承認了嚴重旱情，但閉口不談乾旱的原因。大陸專家分析，從三峽水庫2006年開始蓄水後，下游河流、湖泊就出現了歷史的低水位或者乾旱情況。究竟華中大旱與三峽水庫蓄水有甚麼關係？一起去看看吧。

大陸環保部副部長李干傑6月3號在《中國環境狀況公報》發佈會上表示，長江中下游的乾旱已經令鄱陽湖、洞庭湖、洪湖的水位大跌，其中，洞庭湖濕地保護區有2 萬多畝濕地已乾涸。

而最新乾旱監測進一步顯示，湖北東南部、安徽中部、江蘇南部、湖南東北部、江西北部、浙江北部、貴州西北部已達到中度到重度的乾旱。

李干傑認為乾旱的原因是降雨少，他拒絕談論三峽水庫蓄水和長江中下游乾旱之間的關係。

四川地礦局教授級總工程師範曉披露，從2006年三峽水庫開始蓄水，都使下游河流、湖泊出現了歷史的低水位或者乾旱的情況。他認為，最近幾個月降雨少對長江中下游的乾旱只有次要的影響。

範曉：“但是三峽工程蓄水也是對乾旱有比較重要的影響，三峽工程每年蓄水的時間主要從9月中下旬到11月份，本來就是長江流量相對比較少的階段。它為了完成蓄水目標，下泄的流量一般只有或者不到河流天然流量的50%。”

據民政部救災司消息，截至到5月27號，共有近3500萬人遭受旱災，400多萬人飲水困難，500多萬人需救助。

大陸媒體報導，湖北、湖南、江西、江蘇、安徽五省的農作物受災面積達3700多千公頃，絕收面積達160多千公頃。長江中下游1,500多座水庫出現死水位。

範曉：“去年到現在為甚麼特別嚴重？因為去年它是蓄水達到他的高水位，就是175米，這是以前還沒有達到過的。但是蓄到175米，當然它是犧牲下游的下泄流量作為代價的。”

湖北省第一大湖、中國第七大淡水湖——洪湖，目前大部分區域水深不過30厘米，附近一些小湖泊早已消失，被農田和漁場取代。當地的農民擔心糧食和魚蝦絕收，甚至飲水會困難。

範曉：“如果要從根本上解決，它唯一的辦法是不應該只考慮發電，當然一個企業來說，這是它的利益最大化的一個方面。但是河流資源、水資源是一個綜合性資源，它還有其他方面，包括灌溉、供水、航運、生態很多方面。”

範曉指出，對於三峽工程，包括其他的大型水利水電工程，政府需要宏觀調配、綜合考慮，保障河流滿足下游水資源需要的基本流量。

新唐人記者梁欣、趙心知、周昕屹採訪報導。

Three Gorges Project Causes Severe Draught

The drought in mid and low Yangtze River’ reaches

brings direct disasters to rivers and lakes,

having huge impact on agriculture and fishing.

China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection

admitted in early June of severe drought,

but did not mention anything about its cause.

Mainland experts talked about the link between

the Three Gorges Reservoir and the draught.

Since 2006 when Three Gorges Reservoir started

to fill with water, rivers and lakes of lower reaches

of Yangtze River suffer a record-low water level.

Li Ganjie, Deputy Minister of China’s Ministry

of Environmental Protection suggested on June 3

during a meeting, to publish China’s Public Report

on Environment, as the drought in Yangtze River’s

mid and low reaches has caused the water level

at Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and Hong Lake

to drop sharply. 3,300+ acres of Dongting Lake’s

wetland protection area has dried up.

The latest monitoring revealed moderate to severe

drought in several provinces, including SE Hubei,

Central Anhui, South Jiangsu, NE Hunan,

North Jiangxi, North Zhejiang and West Guizhou.

Li Ganjie said, the drought is caused by lack of rain.

He refused to talk about the link between

the Three Georges Reservoir and the draught.

Fan Xiao, General Engineer of Sichuan Bureau

of Geology and Mineral revealed that since opening

of the Three Georges Reservoir in 2006, record low

water level and droughts occured at rivers and lakes

of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In his view, less rainfall in recent months

only plays a secondary effect to the drought.

Fan Xiao: “But the water conservancy of the

Three Gorges Project had a great drought impact.

The water conservancy of the Three Gorges Project

is from mid and late September to November,

a time with relatively less water in Yangtze River.

In order to reach the goal of conserving water,

it discharges less than 50% of the normal flow.”

According to the Disaster Relief Bureau

of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of May 27,

ca. 35 million people are impacted by the draught,

over 4 million people have difficulties accessing

drinking water and over 5 million people need relief.

China’s media reported that over 3,700,000 hectares

of farmlands in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu

and Anhui Provinces are affected by the draught.

Over 160,000 hectares have zero yields.

Water in over 1,500 reservoirs is at critical level

in the mid and low reaches of the Yangtze River.

Fang Xiao: “Why is the draught particularly severe

from last year to now? Because last year the

water level (of the Three Georges Reservoir)

reached the record-high 175 meters.

And the price is paid by the downstream areas.”

At Lake Hong, the largest lake of Hubei Province

and the 7th largest lake of China, the water level

of some parts of the lake is less than 30cm.

Small lakes nearby have disappeared long ago.

Local farmers are concerned for the yields from

farming and fishing, and even for drinking water.

Fan Xiao: “The fundamental solution

does not only lie in power generation,

although businesses want benefits.

Rivers and water resources have many aspects,

like irrigation, water supply, navigation, ecology.”

Fan Xiao points out that for Three Gorges Project

and other large-scale water conservation

and hydropower projects, the government needs

to conduct macro-allocation and ensure there is

a sufficient water flow in the lower rivers’ reaches.

NTD reporters Liang Xi, Zhao Xizhi and Zhou Xinyi