【新唐人2011年3月4日訊】3月2號是前蘇聯共產黨末代總書記戈爾巴喬夫的80歲生日。他在職時期的政策導致了冷戰的結束，促成和平解體蘇共、解體蘇聯，並為此於1990年獲得諾貝爾和平獎。多國政要向戈爾巴喬夫祝賀他80歲生日，俄羅斯民間團體發起「感謝戈爾巴喬夫」運動，他的不朽功績已載入史冊。
2號當天，俄羅斯總統梅德韋傑夫專程前往祝賀戈爾巴喬夫生日，並向他頒發了國家最高榮譽勳章，以表彰他的傑出貢獻。梅德韋傑夫表示，戈爾巴喬夫領導國家渡過了最艱難的時期。
俄羅斯總理普京也在祝賀生日的書信中讚揚戈爾巴喬夫。美國前總統老布希、德國總理默克爾等多國政要，向他表達了生日祝福；前美國駐俄大使馬特洛克讚揚他「為造福全人類而改變了世界」。
戈爾巴喬夫與親友一同慶祝自己的生日。之後，在倫敦還將舉行戈爾巴喬夫生日慶祝大會，和以他的基金設立的「改變世界者」獎項首次頒獎儀式。
俄羅斯人用各種形式對戈爾巴喬夫結束了蘇聯共產黨的獨裁統治表達感謝。一些居民區貼出了很多寫有「感謝戈爾巴喬夫」等大幅廣告。葉卡捷琳堡市的「列寧大街」，被改名為「戈爾巴喬夫大街」。
戈爾巴喬夫2號出席他的照片展，他回顧當年的變革說：「我們的變革給了俄羅斯人敢於說出自己的想法的自由，而在此前，蘇聯人生活在恐怖之中，只能在廚房裡，在收音機的音樂聲和吸塵器的噪音中才敢談論自己的看法。」
二戰結束後，以蘇聯為首的東歐共產陣營，與美國和西歐的民主陣營，展開了長達40多年的冷戰對峙。1985年，曾被西方視為強硬派的戈爾巴喬夫出任蘇共最年輕的總書記，他試圖通過改革和開放，來挽救蘇聯共產主義的失敗。
自由亞洲電臺特約評論員史東說：「戈爾巴喬夫於1985年上任之後不久，就實行了兩項重大的措施：一是政治體制改革，二是開放言論出版自由，也就是公開化。可是，在蘇共內部一大批基層選舉上來的人民代表紛紛脫黨、退黨，最後連莫斯科市長和市委書記葉利欽也脫黨，與共產黨唱對臺戲。」
1988年，戈爾巴喬夫宣佈蘇聯放棄勃列日涅夫主義，減少對東歐國家內政的干涉，這個政策導致1989年的「東歐劇變」，結束了冷戰格局。
旅居德國的極權主義問題專家仲維光說：「生活在89年以前的人都是認為，共產黨政權是很難動搖的。但是1989年11月9號柏林牆的倒塌，一下子整個東歐共產黨國家都崩潰了，這個崩潰就給了人民一個很強的信念，這個信念就是讓人們看到共產黨一定會滅亡。」
1991年8月19號，蘇共保守派發動政變，將戈爾巴喬夫軟禁了三天，並派出坦克鎮壓民眾的抗議。當時任俄羅斯聯邦總統的葉利欽，站在議會大廈前的坦克上發表演說，勸說軍隊不要對民眾開槍。
保守派政變失敗後，葉利欽宣佈解散蘇聯共產黨，戈爾巴喬夫也宣佈蘇共「自動解散」，並辭去總書記和蘇聯總統職務。
《紐約時報》3月1號指出，戈爾巴喬夫被評為上個世紀最偉大的「失去政權」的政治家，他沒有與國民對抗到底，沒有把自己的祖國變成「血海」，而是乾淨利落地交出了權力，血腥屠殺示威國民的中共和卡扎菲應向他學習。
戈爾巴喬夫曾呼籲建立博物館，以紀念在斯大林統治的共產黨時期的數百萬遇害者，讓共產黨政權的最殘忍暴行不會被人遺忘。
2月21號，戈爾巴喬夫在莫斯科召開記者會，強烈批評俄總理普京和總統背離民主原則。他還表示：列寧遺體應當被從紅場列寧墓遷出。他並對埃及、突尼斯等中東、北非反獨裁浪潮表示支持。
2008年，77歲的戈爾巴喬夫宣佈，他將在辭去蘇聯領導人職務17年後再度進入政壇。此前2002年，戈爾巴喬夫當選為俄羅斯社會民主黨領袖。2007年，他當選社會民主黨人聯盟主席。
今年1月4號，廣州《南方人物週刊》刊出對戈爾巴喬夫的專訪，中共媒體直接對戈氏專訪並大篇幅報導相當罕見，引起外界關注和網民熱議。
文章讚揚戈爾巴喬夫20年前順應民意，「開啟了蘇聯走向民主之門」。戈爾巴喬夫在專訪中強調，政治改革首要的是政黨改革，放棄一黨專制。文章的開篇引用毛澤東的話：「蘇聯的今天，就是中共的明天。」
在蘇聯共產黨和平解體20週年之際，中共也與當年蘇共一樣，面臨解體崩潰的危機。目前，在大紀元退黨網站上公開聲明退出中共黨、團、隊組織的人數已超過9千萬。
全球退黨服務中心指出，中共獨裁專制暴政正在走到盡頭，退黨大潮將確保中共在不久的將來也能和平解體，開創中國政治體制轉型的變革之路。
新唐人記者李元翰、周天綜合報導。
Hailed for Peaceful Disintegration of USSR, Gorbachev Turns 80
Mar. 2 is the 80th birthday of Gorbachev,
former Soviet president, whose policies
led to the end of the cold war and the demise of USSR.
For this, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.
World leaders are congratulating his 80th birthday.
Russians are launching a grassroots movement
called “Tribute to Gorbachev.”
His insuperable merits have gone down in history.
On Mar. 2, Russian President Medvedev paid a visit
to congratulate Gorbachev on his birthday and confer
him the highest honor, the Order of St. Andrew
for his outstanding contributions, commenting that
Gorbachev led Russia in a “very complex,
dramatic period".
Russian PM Putin also wrote to praise Gorbachev.
Foreign dignitaries, including ex-U.S. President
George Bush and German Chancellor Merkel
congratulated him.
Ex- U.S. ambassador to Russia, Jack Matlock, Jr. said,
he “for the benefit of all mankind, changed the world."
After Gorbachev celebrates his birthday with friends,
there will be a grand celebration in London.
A ceremony to confer
1st “Man Who Changed the World" awards
by his foundation will also take place.
Russians thanked Gorbachev for ending ex-USSR』s
dictatorial rule in many different ways,
including erecting many large “Thank you, Gorbachev”
billboards. Yekaterinburg』s Lenin Ave was renamed
Gorbachev Ave.
Gorbachev attended his photo exhibition on Mar. 2.
Reflecting on the changes, he said, “Our changes
gave Russians freedom to speak out their minds.
Before that time, Russians lived in fear. They could
only talk about their thoughts in the kitchen,
in the music of radio
or in the noise of a vacuum cleaner.”
After WWII, the Communist bloc led by former USSR
and the democracies engaged in a 40-year cold war.
In 1985, Gorbachev, once regarded as a hardliner,
became the youngest USSR leader.
He attempted to prevent the demise of Soviet
Communism through reforms and opening up.
Shi Dong, a commentator at Radio Free Asia:
Not long after Gorbachev assumed office in 1985,
he implemented two major policies: political reforms
and freedom of speech and publication.
However, many elected representatives quit the Party.
Eventually, Moscow Mayor and Party Secretary
Boris Yeltsin joined the opposition and left the Party.
In 1988, Gorbachev announced that USSR gave up
the Brezhnev Doctrine and reduce its interferences
with the internal affairs of Eastern European countries.
This policy led to the drastic changes
in Eastern Europe in 1989 and put an end
to the cold war.
German-based expert on totalitarianism issues,
Zhong Weiguang: “Before 1989, people all thought
the communist regimes were unshakable,
but after the Berlin wall collapsed on Nov. 9, 1989,
the entire Eastern European communist bloc collapsed,
which gave people a strong belief, that is,
the communist parties are bound to perish.
On Aug. 19, 1991, the Soviet hardliners staged a coup.
They put Gorbachev under house arrest for 3 days
and sent out tanks to suppress people』s protests.
Then-Russian President Boris Yeltsin, stood on a tank
in front of the parliament building and made a speech,
persuading the military to refrain from firing at people.
After failed coup of the hardliners, Yeltsin announced
to dissolve the Communist Party.
Gorbachev also announced self-dissolution of
Soviet Communist Party and resigned from
his position as the General Secretary of the USSR.
New York Times reported on Mar. 1,
Gorbachev is the greatest politician in the 20th century.
He didn』t fight against the people to the end and
bloodshed his motherland.
Instead, he surrendered his power gracefully.
The CCP and Gadhafi, who slaughter the protesters,
should learn from Gorbachev.
Gorbachev once advocated the establishment of
a museum to commemorate Stalin』s millions of victims
so the brutal atrocities by the Communist regime
will not be forgotten by people.
On Feb. 21, at a press conference in Moscow,
Gorbachev harshly criticized Russian President and
PM for deviating from democratic principles.
He also said the embalmed body of Lenin should be
removed from its mausoleum in Red Square.
He supported the anti-dictatorship waves in Egypt,
Tunisia and other Middle Eastern countries.
In 2008, Gorbachev announced to re-enter politics
after he resigned as a Soviet leader 17 years ago.
In 2002, he was elected as leader of
the Russian Social Democratic Party.
In 2007, he was elected as chairman of
the League of Social Democrats.
On Jan. 4, 2011, Southern People Weekly published
an interview of Gorbachev. It is rare that CCP』s media
published any interview with Gorbachev in fanfare.
This attracted a lot of attention and heated discussions.
The article commended Gorbachev for
conforming to the public opinion 20 years ago,
and opening up the democratic gate for the USSR.
Gorbachev stressed the key for political reforms
is the reform of the parties, i.e., give up one-party rule.
Mao was quoted: “USSR』s today is CCP』s tomorrow.”
20 years after the demise of Soviet Communist Party,
the CCP is also facing the same crisis of collapse.
To date, there have been over 90 million people
quitting the CCP and its affiliated organizations.
Global Quitting the CCP Service Center said,
the CCP』s tyranny is coming to an end,
and the CCP』s quitting waves would ensure
a peaceful disintegration of CCP in the near future,
opening up a path for the political transition of China.
NTD reporters Li Yuanhan and Zhou Tian.