【新唐人2014年11月04日訊】中共全國人大常委會在日前表決通過「反間諜法」，這是中共首次以法律形式具體界定所謂的間諜行為，並明確5類間諜行為將受到法律追究。有分析指出，「反間諜法」有利於中共打擊大陸異見人士，也有分析認為，這個法律是為了應對中共目前所面臨的新形勢。
11月1號，中共第十二屆全國人大常委會第11次會議，表決通過了「反間諜法」，中共國家主席習近平隨即簽署後並公布實施，而施行了21年的「國家安全法」也隨之宣告廢止。
中共「反間諜法」明定的間諜行為，是指危害國家安全的境內外機構、個人或間諜組織的直接、間接或相互勾結行徑。依據這部法律，無論是國內外團體或個人，凡試圖獲取或非法提供國家秘密或者情報，以及設法使公務人員叛變，或為敵人指示攻擊目標的，都是「間諜」，將追究刑事責任。
據大陸《南方都市報》報導，反間諜法草案並沒有提請表決，部分人大常委會委員對草案有質疑。例如委員董中原指出，草案顯然非常注重反間諜的各種手段和功能，但對於公民的權利如何保護，並沒有涉及。
大陸一位不願透露身份的法律專家向香港《明報》表示，《反間諜法》對間諜行為的規定較為籠統，實際上是賦予國家安全機關更大的權力；在反間諜的名義下，國家安全機關更容易打擊大陸異見人士以及民間組織。
前中共國務院秘書俞梅蓀：「為了加強維護國家安全問題，為了加強維護國家安全部門的法律地位，專門給他們制定維護國家安全的法，這樣，更加促使國家安全部門的特殊性，他們就會無法無天。」
大陸獨立時政觀察人士華頗：「它有個第五條，其他被有關部門認定的間諜行為，就非常的含糊，這樣就給有關部門很大的裁量權，到底是甚麼行為，有關部門會認定為間諜行為呢？這條法律非常籠統。另外，向國外有關個人提供國家機密，首先，國家機密是甚麼範疇，界線在哪，個人的界線又在哪，向國外媒體記者爆料算不算，這個非常含糊。」
「反間諜法」是由「國家安全法」修訂更名而來，美國《紐約時報》指出，新條款將打擊目標更加集中在外國間諜，以及與之合作的中國個人和組織。
報導援引分析人士的話說，「反間諜法」反映了，面對來自境外越來越大的政治威脅，中共當局非常擔心。
報導還說，「反間諜法」第二條規定，執行反間諜工作，要與所謂的「群眾路線」相結合，這表明了中共當局想通過中國民眾的參與，讓反間諜法的貫徹更加深入。
另外，「反間諜法」第三條規定，國家安全機關是反間諜工作的主管機關。美國軍事研究機構CNA分析師坦納(Murray Scot Tanner)向《紐約時報》指出，「反間諜法」淡化了中共公安警察部隊以及國家秘密部門和其他機構的角色。他說，這讓人窺視到安全職責重疊的政府和軍隊機構之間的爭鬥。
中共《新華社》方面則指稱，出於國家安全需要，這個法律能更好的因應新形勢和新任務。
大陸獨立時政觀察人士華頗認為，中共施行反間諜法，與最近持續發酵的香港「佔中」運動有關。
華頗：「你要想實行民主憲政，對中共的一黨執政提出異議，那就是它的威脅，這是不言而喻的，我想，它的威脅一直存在，因為中國人也想自由地進行普選，香港佔中的訴求，也是全中國人民的訴求。」
此前中共方面曾宣稱，「佔中」運動挑戰國家安全，是港版的「顏色革命」，藏有巨大陰謀等。香港特首梁振英也指稱，有所謂的「外部勢力」介入「佔中」運動。儘管這些說法備受爭議，並且至今未能拿出相關證據，外界仍然擔心，被當局套上「威脅國家安全」的帽子後，「佔中」運動隨時會被腰斬。
採訪/秦雪、陳漢 編輯/陳潔
China Passes Counterespionage Law In Response to the New Situation?
The Communist National People’s Congress passed its first
counterespionage law which defines five categories of spy
activities subject to legal accountability.
Analysts believe the new law allows the Communist regime
to crack down on dissidents.
Others believe the new law was established to meet
the new situation the regime is faced with.
The Counterespionage Law was passed in the National
People’s Congress meeting on Nov. 1 and signed
by Chinese President Xi Jinping to replace the National
Security Law that had been practiced for 21 years.
The Counterespionage Law targets foreign spies and Chinese
institutes and individuals who collaborate with them.
Any entity that engages in intelligence activities, mutiny
or assistance to the enemy is a spy whose acts
will be held criminally responsible.
Southern Metropolis Daily reported that
the counterespionage draft did not go through the motion
and was questioned by certain members
of the Standing Committee.
For instance, Dong Zhongyuan had pointed out the draft
only focused on measures of counterespionage
but ignored citizen rights.
An anonymous legal expert told Hong Kong’s Ming Pao Daily
that the Counterespionage Law provides relatively general
rule regarding spy activities, but in fact empowers
the national security organ which can easily attack dissidents
in the name of counterespionage.
Former secretary of the Communist State Council,
Yu Meisun: “This new national security law was set
in the name of securing the nation, the legal status
and the particularity of the national security organ
which will even become lawless."
Independent China politics observer Hua Po: “In the fifth
category of spy activities, ‘the other recognized
spy activities,’ is very vague.
It is actually up to the discretion of the security sector.
What kind of activities will be considered spy activities?
It is not clearly defined.
Also, there is ‘providing state secrets to foreign entities.’
First of all, what is the scope of state secrets?
What is the bottom line?
Will whistleblowers to foreign journalists be considered
spy activities? It is very vague."
New York Times reported, the new Counterespionage Law,
“will more closely target foreign spies and Chinese
individualsand organizations who collaborate with them."
“The change suggests concerns at the top of the Communist
Party that China faces growing political threats
from overseas,analysts said."
New York Times also said, “the second article of the new law
states that its new primary goal — counterespionage —
will be carried out in concert with the ‘mass line’."
The Counterespionage Act regulates that national security
organs are the working authorities.
Murray Scot Tanner, an analyst at CNA Corporation,
told the NY Times, “It implicitly downplays, by name, the role
of China’s largest security bureaucracy — the Public Security
police force — as well as China’s State Secrets departments
and other agencies."
It was, he said, “a rare glimpse at the bureaucratic rivalries
among the many government and military agencies
that have overlapping responsibilities for security."
Xinhua News Agency said that the law was better suited
to “a new situation, and new tasks, facing the country’s
security needs".
Hua Po believes the Counterespionage Act is actually
a reaction to the Occupy Central movement in Hong Kong.
Hua Po: “The implementation of the democratic constitution
and questioning the Communist one-party ruling
are no doubt threats to the regime.
I believe the threat has existed all the time.
The demands of Occupy Central are not just the demands
of Hong Kong, but of the entire Chinese."
The Communist regime has claimed that Occupy Central
challenges the state security, it’s a color revolution
and a huge conspiracy.
Hong Kong Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying also alleged that
so-called foreign forces have intervened in the movement.
Despite these claims being controversial and there being
a lack of relevant evidence, it is suspected that once
it is labeled “a threat to state security", the Occupy Central
movement will be cleared at any time.
Interview/QinXue ChenHan Edit/ChenJie