【新唐人2013年01月03日訊】2013年的第一天，中國大陸新修訂的《刑事訴訟法》、《民事訴訟法》，以及《學位論文作假行為處理辦法》等一批法律法規，及部門規章，開始正式實施。而「尊重和保障人權」正式寫入修訂後的《刑事訴訟法》。可是，中國的律師卻認為，大陸的立法機構和司法機構，都在一黨專政的控制之下，這些法律在司法不獨立的情況下很難實施。而且，法律越多，對公民的控制也就越多。

據大陸媒體報導，這次《刑事訴訟法》修改內容涉及100多處，超過原內容的80%，覆蓋了所有訴訟流程：從立案到偵查，再到起訴、辯護、審判、執行，外加證據制度。

中國「東南大學」法學院教授張讚寧認為，新《刑訴法》是司法一個很大的倒退。他說，現在中國任何一個人的權利都不受法律保護，他們可以祕密失蹤，這是一個很可怕的事情。

中國「東南大學」法學院教授張讚寧：「我覺得刑事訴訟法，主要對公民的權利（限制）在無限擴大，它可以祕密逮捕一些罪犯，這是一個很大的倒退，甚至不通知家屬。這個主要是我們的立法機構和司法機構都是一黨專政的結果，權力不受制約，中國人民的權利就沒有保障了。」

而北京律師江天勇也指出，那種「被失蹤」的條款臭名昭著，而歷年所謂的一些進步，在沒有司法獨立的情況下，很難得到實施。所以他說，法律越多，對公民的控制也就越多。

江天勇還表示，「居民身份證法」實際就是增加對公民的控制。去年5月，江天勇在車站因實名購買車票而被定位，當天他被突然出現的當局人員控制。

北京律師江天勇：「現在把身份證法的情形擴大了，幾乎是甚麼地方都能夠查。還有居民身份證法要求在身份證裡面儲存更多的信息、指紋，實際就是一種身份的控制，而且越來越多的居民身份證用來控制乘車呀，住賓館呀，像我們這樣的人，他們就會對你進行控制。」

江天勇還表示，法律弄得再多，也不會使中國大陸真正的法治化。因為中共製定的法律，不是在保障公民的各項權利，而是在於增強官方的「維穩能力」。

江天勇：「民事訴訟法裡面很關鍵的公民委託代理人的權利，就受到限制，一個公民委託除了律師以外，委託其他的公民的話，就必須是社區推薦的這種限制，這種限制使得一個人想委託另一個人來做你的代理人的話，實際上就必須經過社區的推薦，那麼中國的社區，實際上還是共產黨控制的一個組織，它是用來幫助共產黨控制民眾的。」

此外，司法解釋規定，不得對庭審活動進行錄音、錄像、攝影，或者通過發送郵件、博客、微博客等方式傳播庭審情況。但經人民法院許可的新聞記者除外。據最高法院有關負責人解釋，這項規定主要針對個別訴訟參與人所謂「直播」庭審情況，試圖引發輿論關注、炒作，製造「輿論壓力」，干擾法院審判。

日前，《拘留所條例實施辦法》也開始發佈施行。根據辦法，拘留所應當安裝並使用監控錄像等技術防範設備，對被拘留人進行實時全方位安全監控，監控錄像資料至少保存１５天。被拘留人在拘留期間死亡、身體受到傷害，可能提起國家賠償要求的，拘留所應當將相關監控錄像資料予以刻錄留存。

而北京維權律師唐吉田表示：當局是要通過修法，把對民眾的控制做到極致：凡是有利於保護官員的，都會不遺餘力的推行，少得可憐但保護民眾的，都會大打折扣。他還說，配合修改後的《身份證法》及新出臺的《關於加強網絡信息保護的決定》，公民的人身及其他權利，被官方侵犯的概率會更大。

採訪/李蓮 編輯/周平 後製/君卓

China’s Revised Laws: More Restrictions Over Civilians

On the first day of 2013, revised version of a number

of laws or ordinances start to take effect in China.

These include Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law,

and the Method of Disposition of Thesis Fraud.

In the revised Criminal Procedure Law, the wording,

“respect and protect human rights” has been added.

However, Chinese lawyers commented that both,

the legislative and juridical systems are controlled by the one-party dictatorship.

Therefore it is very difficult to apply those laws

without judicial independence.

On the other hand, making more laws would mean

imposing more restrictions over civilians.

According to mainland media, over 100 revisions, applied

to the Criminal Procedure Law, will take effect in 2013.

The revisions involve over 80% of the original law,

and cover the whole litigation process.

These include case registration and investigation,

prosecution, pleading, trial and execution, as well as the law of evidence.

Zhang Zanning, China’s Southeast University’ Law Professor,

thinks the revised Criminal Procedure Law is retrogressive.

Zhang remarked that now the rights of the Chinese

are no longer protected by the law.

Everyone can “legally” disappear,

which is simply horrifying to think of.

Zhang Zanning (Law Professor, Southeast University):

”I think the Criminal Procedure Law is extending the power of public security departments in an unlimited way.

Now they can secretly arrest people,

even without informing their families.

This is a huge step backwards, and it is a result of the fact

that our legislative and juridical system only serve the one-party dictatorship regime.

There is no restriction on its power. Thus there is

no protection of the rights of the Chinese people.”

Beijing lawyer Jiang Tianyong remarked that the provision

to legalize “making anyone disappear” has become notorious among Chinese.

On the other hand, the aspects claimed as improvements

can hardly be applied without judicial independence.

Jiang concluded that making more laws is equivalent

to imposing more restrictions on the civilians.

Jiang Tianyong added that the Law of Citizens’ ID Cards

in fact intensifies the control over the Chinese people.

Last May, Jiang revealed his location

while buying tickets at a train station with his ID card.

On the same day, governmental staff suddenly appeared

and apprehended him.

Jiang Tianyong (Beijing lawyer): ”This time the situations

to apply the Law of Identity Cards have been extended.

You can be inspected almost anywhere.

Plus, more information, such as fingerprints, is required

to be stored on the ID card. This is a real identity control.

The ID card is being requested in more cases,

such as taking a bus or during hotel check-in.

Especially for groups of people like us,

they will control our actions with such means.”

Jiang Tianyong believes that China will not be ruled

by a law, no matter how many more laws are made.

That is because the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

is making laws to boost its “stability maintenance” rather than to protect civil rights.

Jiang Tianyong: ”In Civil Procedure Law, every citizen has

a very important right to commission authorized agent.

This right is currently restricted in China.

If a Chinese citizen wants to commission any other citizen

who is not a lawyer, the authorized person has to have the recommendation of the local community committee.

So such a restriction compels you to visit

the local community committee.

But in fact China’s community agencies

are also under the control of CCP.

So you see how the whole procedure is just designed

to assist the control over the Chinese people.”

In addition, the judicial interpretation bans

any sound or video recording of court hearings.

It also bans anyone other than authorized journalists

to report on the trial by email, Internet blog or microblog.

An official of the Supreme Court said that such a provision

is directed against litigant participants who make live reports on the progress of court hearings.

The official criticized such behavior as “an attempt to draw

media attention to interfere with the trial by public opinion.”

Recently, “Measures for Implementation of Regulation

on Detention Facilities” also started to take an effect.

The measures require detention facilities to install

protection equipment such as surveillance cameras for real-time monitoring of detainees’ safety.

The new regulation requires such video data

to be kept for at least 15 days.

In cases of detainees’ injury or death, records can be used

from archives to assist in possible compensation’ claims.

Another Beijing lawyer, Tang Jitian, remarked that the CCP

authorities revised the laws to push forward the control over Chinese civilians to extreme.

They spare no efforts to apply any revision

that benefits the officials.

On the other hand, even the very few revisions protecting

civilians’ rights will not be applied in their original form.

Tang pointed out the revised ID Cards’ Law, and the new

decision to intensify Internet information censorship,

stressing that with those two, Chinese citizens’ freedom

and other rights can only be further violated by the CCP.