【新唐人2012年11月30日訊】週三，中共總理溫家寶主持召開國務院常務會議，討論通過了《土地管理法修正案（草案）》。有專家推測，這次修改，徵地補償數額在現行標準下，至少可能提高10倍。而這些提高的補償金最後能不能落到農民手裏﹖請看以下的分析報導。
28號，溫家寶主持召開國務院常務會議，聽取農業和農村工作匯報，對農民集體所有土地「徵收補償制度」作了修改。
今年兩會閉幕會上，溫家寶提出，將制定並出臺「農村集體土地徵收補償條例」。事實上，土地管理法的修訂已經提了多年，矛頭集中在徵地制度改革上。7月，有消息說，中共國土資源部制定的《農村集體土地徵收補償條例》已上報國務院。
「北京大學」法學院教授姜明安對《京華時報》表示，目前還不知道這次的修改細節，但徵收補償應該會提高到現在補償值的至少10倍。
他推測，這次土地管理法修正案草案，應該是修改了土地管理法中的第47條規定，就是：「土地補償費和安置補助費的總和不得超過土地被徵收前3年平均年產值的30倍。」
他說，如果按47條規定，一畝地一般徵收補償不超過6萬元，等於每平方米補償不足100塊錢。他舉例說，政府以一畝地6萬元的價格徵收後，轉手就可以通過招拍，掛賣給開發商，價值可達600萬元。巨大的價差導致了官民矛盾頻發。
前《陝西電視臺》編輯馬曉明認為，土地徵收補償提高多少倍不是問題，關鍵是農民土地所有權的問題，國家要徵收或者個人購買，必須在平等協商的基礎上來進行。
前《陝西電視臺》編輯 馬曉明：「土地徵收和租用或購買的協定，我想都沒有很大問題，但是，在執行中間往往走了樣，中國現在…目前這種貪腐和官僚主義，弄虛作假盛行的這種情況下，就是有法不依，有規不依，一切都是政府說的算，政府並且有警察、有城管、有武警，甚至出動軍隊，可以去調動，去鎮壓人民。」
原《河北人民廣播電臺》朱欣欣指出，在中共整個權力沒有制衡的情況下，補償費用再多也是被貪官污吏層層剝去，不可能完全落到農民手裏。
原《河北廣播電臺》 朱欣欣：「這些年來，土地糾紛引起的一些悲劇，都是因為權力過大，農民合理的補償、合理的收入得不到保證，所以說，最根本是制度的改革，同時，光提高農民土地補償，並不能解決土地根本的所有權的問題，現在土地國有化，實際上都是各級的官員，它從中撈到好處。」
2005年底，廣東汕尾政府向手無寸鐵的失地農民開槍畫面，仍然記憶猶新，近7年來，這種衝突越演越烈。據統計，農民上訪60%以上與土地有關。去年廣東烏坎大規模土地維權事件之後，風起雲湧的土地抗爭，更是遍及大陸各個城鎮和村莊。
馬曉明表示，各地政府對土地強徵暴斂，給民眾造成的災難古今罕有，罄竹難書。
馬曉明：「在專制體制下，這種權益受侵害以後，被侵害人，沒有辦法維護自己的權益，上訪沒人解決，通過法律渠道不給立案，或者通過立案判決，受害方反而輸，媒體也不給披露，一切社會監督和裁決的機構全部掌握在政府手裏，土地原來的使用者只有受侵犯的份。」
馬曉明指出，在巨大的利益驅動和嚴重的特權腐敗下，再冠冕堂皇的規定都難以落實。
採訪編輯/李韻 後製/王明宇
Who Benefits from the Land Policy?
On Wednesday, Premier Wen Jiabao of the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP),
chaired a State Council executive meeting, where he discussed
and adopted the Land Management Law Amendment (Draft).
Some experts have speculated that the amount of
compensation for land acquisition under the current standards
is likely to increase at least 10 times with this amendment.
But can the increased compensation finally fall
into the hands of farmers? See the following analysis reports.
On November 28, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired a State Council
executive meeting to hear reports on agricultural and rural work,
and then modified the collectively owned land expropriation
compensation system.
In the “two meetings” closing session in 2012, Premier
Wen Jiabao developed and introduced the Rural Collective Land Compensation Ordinance.
Amendments to the Land Management Law have been
mentioned for years, focusing on land requisition system reform.
In July, it was said that the Rural Collective Land Acquisition
Compensation Ordinance,
created by CCP Ministry of Land and Resources,
had been submitted to the State Council.
Peking University Law School Professor Jiang Ming’an told
the Beijing Times that the details of this modification are unknown,
but compensation for expropriation
should be at least 10 times the current value.
He speculated that this draft amendment to the Land
Management Law should be a modification of the provisions of Section 47 of the Land Administration Law,
which states, “The land compensation and resettlement fees
shall not exceed 30 times of the average annual output value in 3 years prior to the expropriation."
He said that in accordance with the provisions of section 47,
generally compensation of 1 mu of land is less than
RMB 60,000, so the compensation to 1 mu is less than RMB 100 per sq. m.
For example, after the government collected the land
at RMB 60,000/mu, through bidding in auction,
they could sell it to developers at up to RMB 6 million.
The huge difference led to frequently contradictions
between the Government and the people.
Ma Xiaoming, the former Shaanxi TV editor, thinks it did not
matter how many times the land expropriation compensation increased,
the key issue is the farmers’ land ownership, for the country,
either national levies or personal purchase, must be on the basis of equal consultation.
Ma Xiaoming: “I don’t think there is any big problem
for land expropriation, rent or purchase agreements.
However, it is altered during execution.
In the prevalence of corruption, bureaucracy and fraud,
nobody abides by the law or regulations, and everything
is decided by the government, which mobilizes police,
urban management personnel,
armed police and even the army to suppress people."
The original Hebei People’s Radio Zhu Xinxin pointed out that
in the case of no inspection of power in CCP,
the compensation could be taken away by corrupt officials,
and would not all go to the farmers.
Zhu Xinxin: “For years, tragedies caused by land disputes
were all because (the government) had too much power,
but farmers could not get reasonable compensation and
income. The most fundamental thing is reform of the system.
Only improving farmers’ land compensation won’t solve
the fundamental problem of land ownership.
With the nationalization of land, it is actually officials
of all levels who are gaining monetary benefits."
At the end of 2005, government fired at unarmed farmers
who lost their land in Shanwei, Guangdong Province.
Over the past 7 years, these conflicts have intensified.
According to statistics, more than 60% of farmers’ petitions
are related to land.
Last year, after the large-scale land rights event in Wukan,
Guangdong, land struggles broke out all over China.
Ma Xiaoming said, local governments plunder land everywhere,
causing unprecedented disasters to people in China.
Ma Xiaoming: “Under the authoritarian regime,
after people’s interests were victimized,
the victims have no way to protect their own interests.
Their petitions were never filed through legal channels.
Even if it was filed, the victim would always lose the case.
There are no media reports, and all the inspection and judge
institutions are controlled by the government, so the former land users interests are hurt."
Ma Xiaoming pointed out that with huge profit and
serious corruption of privilege, no high-sounding provisions can be implemented.