【新唐人2011年6月7日讯】长江中下游地区的干旱，不仅直接殃及河流、湖泊，而且使农业、渔业受到很大的冲击。中国大陆的环保部6月初承认了严重旱情，但闭口不谈干旱的原因。大陆专家分析，从三峡水库2006年开始蓄水后，下游河流、湖泊就出现了历史的低水位或者干旱情况。究竟华中大旱与三峡水库蓄水有什么关系？一起去看看吧。
大陆环保部副部长李干杰6月3号在《中国环境状况公报》发布会上表示，长江中下游的干旱已经令鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、洪湖的水位大跌，其中，洞庭湖湿地保护区有2 万多亩湿地已干涸。
而最新干旱监测进一步显示，湖北东南部、安徽中部、江苏南部、湖南东北部、江西北部、浙江北部、贵州西北部已达到中度到重度的干旱。
李干杰认为干旱的原因是降雨少，他拒绝谈论三峡水库蓄水和长江中下游干旱之间的关系。
四川地矿局教授级总工程师范晓披露，从2006年三峡水库开始蓄水，都使下游河流、湖泊出现了历史的低水位或者干旱的情况。他认为，最近几个月降雨少对长江中下游的干旱只有次要的影响。
范晓：“但是三峡工程蓄水也是对干旱有比较重要的影响，三峡工程每年蓄水的时间主要从9月中下旬到11月份，本来就是长江流量相对比较少的阶段。它为了完成蓄水目标，下泄的流量一般只有或者不到河流天然流量的50%。”
据民政部救灾司消息，截至到5月27号，共有近3500万人遭受旱灾，400多万人饮水困难，500多万人需救助。
大陆媒体报导，湖北、湖南、江西、江苏、安徽五省的农作物受灾面积达3700多千公顷，绝收面积达160多千公顷。长江中下游1,500多座水库出现死水位。
范晓：“去年到现在为什么特别严重？因为去年它是蓄水达到他的高水位，就是175米，这是以前还没有达到过的。但是蓄到175米，当然它是牺牲下游的下泄流量作为代价的。”
湖北省第一大湖、中国第七大淡水湖——洪湖，目前大部分区域水深不过30厘米，附近一些小湖泊早已消失，被农田和渔场取代。当地的农民担心粮食和鱼虾绝收，甚至饮水会困难。
范晓：“如果要从根本上解决，它唯一的办法是不应该只考虑发电，当然一个企业来说，这是它的利益最大化的一个方面。但是河流资源、水资源是一个综合性资源，它还有其他方面，包括灌溉、供水、航运、生态很多方面。”
范晓指出，对于三峡工程，包括其他的大型水利水电工程，政府需要宏观调配、综合考虑，保障河流满足下游水资源需要的基本流量。
新唐人记者梁欣、赵心知、周昕屹采访报导。
Three Gorges Project Causes Severe Draught
The drought in mid and low Yangtze River’ reaches
brings direct disasters to rivers and lakes,
having huge impact on agriculture and fishing.
China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection
admitted in early June of severe drought,
but did not mention anything about its cause.
Mainland experts talked about the link between
the Three Gorges Reservoir and the draught.
Since 2006 when Three Gorges Reservoir started
to fill with water, rivers and lakes of lower reaches
of Yangtze River suffer a record-low water level.
Li Ganjie, Deputy Minister of China’s Ministry
of Environmental Protection suggested on June 3
during a meeting, to publish China’s Public Report
on Environment, as the drought in Yangtze River’s
mid and low reaches has caused the water level
at Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and Hong Lake
to drop sharply. 3,300+ acres of Dongting Lake’s
wetland protection area has dried up.
The latest monitoring revealed moderate to severe
drought in several provinces, including SE Hubei,
Central Anhui, South Jiangsu, NE Hunan,
North Jiangxi, North Zhejiang and West Guizhou.
Li Ganjie said, the drought is caused by lack of rain.
He refused to talk about the link between
the Three Georges Reservoir and the draught.
Fan Xiao, General Engineer of Sichuan Bureau
of Geology and Mineral revealed that since opening
of the Three Georges Reservoir in 2006, record low
water level and droughts occured at rivers and lakes
of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
In his view, less rainfall in recent months
only plays a secondary effect to the drought.
Fan Xiao: “But the water conservancy of the
Three Gorges Project had a great drought impact.
The water conservancy of the Three Gorges Project
is from mid and late September to November,
a time with relatively less water in Yangtze River.
In order to reach the goal of conserving water,
it discharges less than 50% of the normal flow.”
According to the Disaster Relief Bureau
of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of May 27,
ca. 35 million people are impacted by the draught,
over 4 million people have difficulties accessing
drinking water and over 5 million people need relief.
China’s media reported that over 3,700,000 hectares
of farmlands in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu
and Anhui Provinces are affected by the draught.
Over 160,000 hectares have zero yields.
Water in over 1,500 reservoirs is at critical level
in the mid and low reaches of the Yangtze River.
Fang Xiao: “Why is the draught particularly severe
from last year to now? Because last year the
water level (of the Three Georges Reservoir)
reached the record-high 175 meters.
And the price is paid by the downstream areas.”
At Lake Hong, the largest lake of Hubei Province
and the 7th largest lake of China, the water level
of some parts of the lake is less than 30cm.
Small lakes nearby have disappeared long ago.
Local farmers are concerned for the yields from
farming and fishing, and even for drinking water.
Fan Xiao: “The fundamental solution
does not only lie in power generation,
although businesses want benefits.
Rivers and water resources have many aspects,
like irrigation, water supply, navigation, ecology.”
Fan Xiao points out that for Three Gorges Project
and other large-scale water conservation
and hydropower projects, the government needs
to conduct macro-allocation and ensure there is
a sufficient water flow in the lower rivers’ reaches.
NTD reporters Liang Xi, Zhao Xizhi and Zhou Xinyi
