【新唐人2011年6月4日讯】近年来，中国大陆因为拆迁问题所引发的社会矛盾、暴力冲突愈演愈烈，强拆造成的恶性事件不断发生。有学者指出，这其实与中共政府在1994年推行的“分税制改革”有很大关系，然而，前任国务院总理朱镕基在清华百年校庆时的演讲，却故意装傻，掩盖了很多真相。
中国著名经济学家、中国问题专家程晓农，日前在接受《新唐人》采访时指出，现在的中国大陆，民间群体抗暴事件频频发生，而这其中的大部分，都与圈地拆迁有关。而强制拆迁的主要原因是，地方政府为了巨额的土地收入，强行把老百姓的土地卖给房地产商。
经济学家程晓农：“地方政府现在财政上高度依赖卖地的收入，即便是北京、上海这样的大都市，它的地方财政收入当中，大概半数是来自于卖地的收入，所以断了这笔财源，地方政府就活不下去。”
近些年来，随着全国各地暴力拆迁的愈演愈烈，很多人认为，前任中央政府推行的“分税制改革”造成地方财政弱势，地方政府过分依赖“土地财政”，这直接推高了房价，造成诸多社会问题。
前任国务院总理朱镕基在参加清华大学百年校庆的时候，对这种批评进行了反驳，认为“分税制”没有错，地方政府并不缺钱。
对此，程晓农认为，朱镕基在清华的演讲并没有讲实话，掩盖了很多真相。他介绍说，地方政府的财政收入共分三块：第一块是预算内收入﹔第二块是预算外收入﹔而“土地财政”是属于“预算外之外”的收入，也就是第三块收入。
程晓农：“朱镕基回避的是第二、第三块，他假装不知道，他只讲第一块，跟税收有关的。其实，地方政府光靠税收那一部分，那点收入没有办法让政府按现在的规模扩大城市建设、也没办法养活这么多官员的奢侈开支。”
1994年，中共当局开始推行“分税制”，把好的税种集中在中央手里，造成地方政府靠本地税收无法维持，必须依赖中央政府的拨款。程晓农指出，中央政府正是通过这个手段，来控制地方政府，实行高度中央集权。
而地方政府官员的胃口也越来越大，所以就想方设法从老百姓身上搜刮钱财。 2000年以前，各地方政府主要是从农民身上搜刮，在农村推行各种各样的强制摊派，最后造成所谓的“三农问题”，危及中共政权。
2006年，当局被迫叫停“农业税”，于是，地方政府就开始大搞“圈地运动”：拆迁、转手倒卖，从中牟利。这就是所谓的“土地财政”。
程晓农：“中央政府实际上是给地方政府留了个门，就是说允许地方政府征地，征地的收入全部归地方政府。所以，是中央政府的这个政策导致了地方政府拚命的征税，中央政府很清楚这一点，就是要不给地方政府甜头，地方政府不会听话的，所以中央政府假装不知道地方政府拆迁发横财，假装不知道地方政府拆迁造成这么多社会矛盾。”
朱镕基在清华演讲时，曾经驳斥《中国农民调查》这本书对“分税制”的批评，号称，这不是为了他自己，而是为了维护中共中央整个第三代领导集体。
程晓农强调，在“圈地”与“分税制”这个问题上，朱镕基是在装傻，虽然实际上，朱镕基并不糊涂。
新唐人记者常春、李谦、萧宇采访报导。
Zhu Rongji Play Fool on Land Enclosure
In recent years, social conflicts and violence
arising from forced demolition in China
have been worsening. Scholars said it had
a lot to do with the regime’s Tax System Reform
in 1994 when Zhu Rongji was the prime minster.
However, in his recent speech in Tsinghua Univ.’s
100th anniversary celebration,
Zhu intentionally covered up the truth.
China’s well-known economist Cheng Xiaonong
Said in an interview with NTDTV, land enclosure
had been a main reason for mass uprising events
happening across China. The reason for forcible
demolition is that local government sell
people’s land to developer for huge profit.
Cheng Xiaonong: “Now local government
highly rely on the income of land sale.
Even in large cities like Beijing and Shanghai,
land sales make up over half of their total revenue.
Without it, local government could not survive.”
In recent years, conflicts from forced demolition
became more and more outstanding. It is believed
the Tax Reform policy by the previous administration
weakened the local revenue, which caused
local governments to rely too much on land revenue,
resulting in housing price soar and social problems.
Former Premier Zhu Rongji refuted the criticism
in his speech at Tsinghua University, saying that
the Tax System Reform was not wrong, and
local governments are not short of money.
Cheng Xiaonong said, Zhu’s speech at Tsinghua
was far from being true, covering up many facts.
He said local revenue composed of three parts:
The 1st part was Income Within Budget, the 2nd
was Income Outside Budget, the 3rd was
land revenue – also extra income outside budget.
Cheng: Zhu Rongji avoided talking about the 2nd and
3rd parts by pretending not knowing that, and
focused on the 1st part – the income from taxes.
Actually, the tax income alone could not expand city
construction in its current scale, neither could it
afford the luxury expenditure of so many officials.
In 1994, the central government started to implement
Tax System Reform and kept lucrative taxes with it.
Local governments had insufficient tax income to survive
and must rely on central appropriations. Cheng said,
it was an instrument of the central government to control
local governments for a high degree of centralization.
However, local government tried all means to amass
money from people. Before 2000, local government
focused on getting money from farmers by imposing
various kinds of local taxes or fees in rural areas,
which resulted in the so-called “Three rural issues”
that imposed a direct threat to the CCP regime.
In 2006, the regime dropped the “agriculture taxes.”
Local governments turned to land enclosure movement:
demolish private housing, sell the land for big money.
That was the so-called “Land Revenue.”
Cheng: “In fact, central government left a back door for
local governments by allowing them to acquire the land
and keeping a full amount of land sale income.
They knew clearly that if they didn’t give out some
sweet treats, local governments wouldn’t listen to them.
So, the central government pretended that they did not
know local governments made big fortune from
demolition and created many social conflicts from that.
In his Tsinghua speech, Zhu refuted the criticism in
the book of “Survey of Chinese Peasants”,
saying that he was not only defending himself,
but the third generation of the CCP leadership.
Cheng said, Zhu played fool on the issue of Land Enclosure
and Tax System Reform, although he knew that clearly.
NTD reporters Chang Chun, Li Qian and Xiao Yu
