【新唐人2014年02月14日訊】西班牙最高法院法官2月10號簽發逮捕令，以犯有「反人類罪」罪名，全球通緝中共前國家主席江澤民、及前總理李鵬等幾人。中共政府提出抗議，西班牙議會11號開始討論限製法院受理涉外人權案的法案。大陸維權律師指出，西班牙國會被一些利益集團所左右，對「普遍管轄權」做出限制，對於全球人權事業是一個倒退。
據美國《華爾街日報》報導，西班牙下議院週二已經以179對163的投票，通過了這個涉外人權案的提案。之後再交給上議院討論和投票。這個提案要求，在法院起訴國外人權犯罪的時候，被告必須是西班牙人或西班牙居民。而且在人權侵犯發生的時候，受害人也必須是西班牙公民。
受到國會審視的是被稱為「普遍管轄權」的國際法學說，它允許任何國家的法庭針對具有「國際特徵」的罪行，比如種族滅絕罪，酷刑罪，戰爭罪和反人類罪，而起訴他們國土之外的個人。
人權團體包括「國際特赦」認為，「普遍管轄權」是一個「必不可少的工具」。「國際特赦」在週一發佈一份聯合聲明，強烈譴責西班牙國會提議對西班牙法律作出改變。
大陸維權律師江天勇表示，西班牙法庭按照對反人類罪等罪犯，進行管轄引渡，完全符合聯合國的有關精神以及普世價值，現在人們看到這種結果，顯然是中共利用中國納稅人的錢，在向全世界正義的力量施加壓力。
大陸維權律師江天勇：「而且某些國家有些人它也正是面對這種壓力抵抗不了。但是不管怎麼說，無論中共如何施加壓力，無論是有些國家有些人在接受中共施壓，實際上是一種倒退的做法，但是不管怎麼做，它都不會改變正義對這些違法犯罪份子的審判。」
沒有一個國家比西班牙更加自信的使用「普遍管轄權」的學說。西班牙於1985年開始採納「普遍管轄權」。最著名的例子是在1998年，當智利獨裁者皮諾切特訪問倫敦，西班牙法官巴爾塔薩加爾松發出傳票，英國當局逮捕了皮諾切特，但後來拒絕將他引渡到西班牙，最終讓他回到智利，在那裏他面臨刑事指控，直到死亡。
雖然西班牙法官的國際判決為他們贏得人權活動人士的稱讚，但是也常常造成跟西班牙重要經濟夥伴的摩擦。西班牙執政黨——「人民黨」國會代表團發言人為提案辯護說，「普遍管轄權承諾許多，但是沒有達成除了外交衝突之外的任何結果。」
江天勇反駁這種說法。他說，皮諾切特的例子大家都記憶猶新。怎麼能說沒有結果呢？全世界看到獨裁者，當他行走在世界各地的時候，是有地方能對他進行審判的。
江天勇：「有這個裁定在那裏擱著，當這些罪犯走到與西班牙有司法協定引渡條約的國家，它是非常危險的。這些犯罪份子實際上它只能老老實實待著，哪兒也不敢去。這對他來說也是一個威懾﹔第三，讓全世界人民看到，反人類罪，迫害人權的犯罪份子，是有地方對他進行正義的審判的。如果改變了這一點，至少這樣正義的地方將失去一塊。」
大陸維權律師唐吉田表示，如果西班牙政客不能保持清醒的頭腦，被一些利益或利益集團所左右，做出限制的規定，那麼一方面將是一種倒退，另一方面對於全球的人權工作都會產生很大的消極影響，開了一個不好的先例。從長遠來講，也不利於西班牙國內人權的保護。
大陸維權律師唐吉田：「在大是大非面前，國會議員應該拋棄眼前的一些不良因素，從職業倫理、從世界人權的發展，尤其要從西班牙的國家形象，以及本國人權和世界人權的緊密聯繫，做出明智的抉擇。」
西班牙高級法院法官Ismael Moreno，週一發出針對前中共領導人江澤民和其他四名官員的逮捕令。他們被指控在西藏實施種族滅絕。
不過，西班牙國家警察局發言人拒絕回答，警方將甚麼時候執行命令，並請求國際刑警發出「紅色通告」。
採訪編輯/秦雪 後製/鐘元
Communist Regime Pressures Spain
to Restrict Universal Jurisdiction
On February 10 a Spainish High Court judge issued an
international arrest warrant for former Chinese leaders
Jiang Zemin and Li Peng on charges of genocide in Tibet.
While the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) firmly opposes the
court’s order, on February 11the Spanish Parliament began the
debate to constrain Spanish judges in prosecuting international
human rights cases.
Chinese human rights lawyers believe the Spanish parliament
was swayed by interest groups to restrain universal jurisdiction,
and indicate that it is a step backwards for the global cause of
human rights.
The Wall Street Journal reported the restraint on exercising
the international human rights law won lower house approval
Tuesday by a vote of 179 to 163. It will next go to the Senate.
The bill specifies that only Spaniards or foreigners who reside
in Spain are subject to prosecution; mandating that plaintiffs
must be Spanish citizens at the time the torture was alleged to
have occurred.
The bill constrains the Spanish judiciary’s exercise of universal
jurisdiction, the principle Spanish judges have used to prosecute
international human rights cases outside of Spain.
These are genocide, the crimes of torture, war crimes, and
crimes against humanity.
Human rights groups including Amnesty International
consider universal jurisdiction an “essential tool" and issued
a joint statement on Monday strongly condemning the proposed
changes to Spanish law reported the New York Times.
Human rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong says that the Spanish
courts exercising the universal jurisdiction for crimes against
humanity is in full compliance with the spirit and the universal
values of the United Nations.
The change of the law is obviously what the Communist regime
has pressured the world justice with its taxpayers’ money.
Jiang Tianyong, human rights lawyer: “There are people in
some countries who could not resist the pressure.
Regardless of how the CCP has exerted pressure and how
some people could not resist the pressure, it is a step backwards.
However, trial of justice against these criminals will never be
changed."
No country has enjoyed more than Spain to use the doctrine
of universal jurisdiction with more confidence.
Spain adopted the universal jurisdiction in 1985.
The most famous example was in 1998, when the Chilean
dictator Augusto Pinochet visited London.
Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón Real ordered his arrest in
London, where he was detained for a year and a half before
being returned to Chile, where he faced criminal charges
until death.
While Spanish judges’ international activism has won them
praise from rights activists, it has often caused friction with
some of Spain’s key economic partners.
Alfonso Alonso, the spokesman for the Popular Party
delegation in Congress, said, Universal justice “promises a lot,
but doesn’t achieve anything more than diplomatic conflicts,"
reported the World Street Journal.
Jiang Tianyong refutes this argument.
He takes Pinochet’s case as an example saying the world sees
the end of a dictator, who was put on trial wherever he was.
Jiang Tianyong: “This rule tells the criminals that, it is a
dangerous place for them to be in any country with a treaty
with Spain.
Those criminals could only stay put and that’s a threat to them.
It also tells the world that crimes against humanity are subject
to justice trials.
The change of the law means the world is missing such justice."
Human rights lawyer Tang Jitian says that when the Spanish
politicians lose their sober minds by restricting the universal
jurisdiction under pressure from interest groups, it is a step
backward and a huge negative impact to global human rights.
The Spain will initiate a bad precedent.
In the long run, it is not conducive to the protection of human
rights in Spain.
Tang Jitian, human rights lawyer: “Facing right or wrong,it
is the MPs informed choices to abandon some adverse factors
and maintain the ethics, the human rights, and the Spanish
image as a country in protecting human rights.
Both domestically and internationally."
Spanish High Court Judge Ismael Moreno issued an arrest
warrant against former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin and four
other officials on Monday, for accused of genocide in Tibet.
However, the Spanish National Police spokesman refused
to say when the police will execute the command and
request Interpol to issue the “Red Notices."
Interview & Edit/QinXue Post-Production/ZhongYuan
