【新唐人2014年02月10日訊】自中國大陸高校擴招以來，每年畢業大學生數量猛增，「大學生就業難」問題，也日益突出和嚴峻。去年大學應屆畢業生總數，達到近700萬，被稱為「史上最難就業年」。然而，去年的大學生大部分還在艱難的尋找工作，今年又將有更多的畢業生「新鮮出爐」。網友說：2014就業，沒有最難，只有更難。
今年中國大陸高校畢業生將達到727萬人，比去年還要多出28萬人。去年被稱為「史上最難就業年」，因此今年又被網友稱為「更難就業年」。
大學生就業難在中國已經不是新鮮話題，從1999年全國高校擴招開始，已經初現端倪，隨著每年畢業生數量的激增，大學生就業形勢也變得越來越嚴峻。往往是前一年的畢業生還沒有找到工作，後一年的畢業生又加入了找工作大軍，結果造成失業的大學生越來越多。
據中國目前最大分類信息網站之一《趕集網》，針對2013應屆畢業生就業情況的調查報告顯示，截至2013年5月31號，全中國仍然有83.2%的應屆生沒有找到工作。
福建「寧德師範高等專科學校」畢業的小芳，去年剛結束學業出社會找工作。
2013年應屆畢業生小芳：「壓力大哦，工作不好找，要找一個適合自己的也比較難啊！」
與不斷增加的畢業生比例相反的是，企業提供的崗位數量卻在不斷縮水。以2013年為例，畢業生比2012年增加了3%，但崗位數量同比卻下降了15%。就業市場供求關係的嚴重失衡，使得儘管用人單位不斷提高就業門檻，仍有很多高材生趨之若鶩。
但學歷高，並不代表就業更容易。據中國研究機構「麥可思研究院」的調查顯示，2013年應屆碩士畢業生的就業簽約率，僅有26%，還不到三成。
可是今年即將從山東「師範大學」畢業的本科生小白，正準備就讀研究所。
山東師範大學應屆畢業生小白：「因為我們這個專業，如果畢業之後想進高校當老師的話，因為它那個最低學歷就是研究生，所以說就得必須要有這個學歷做為一個支撐，所以不得不去讀研究生。本科畢業的話，那個就業面更加受限制一些，很多學校的門檻直接給卡住了。」
對於造成中國大學生就業難的原因，各專家學者眾說紛紜，但綜合起來，就是大陸經濟體制、教育體制和社會體制深層矛盾的具體體現。
教育專家們認為，大陸各高校盲目擴招，使得大學生數量增加，但素質卻普遍下降，加上社會脫節而又死板的應試教育、與社會需求不匹配的專業及課程設置，使大多數高校畢業生，根本不具備企業所需要的基本職業能力。
原首都師範大學教育科學學院副教授李元華：「中共把教育作為一種產業，而不是作為一種培養人才的一個機制，那麼它為了擴招而擴招，而降低教育質量，實際上很多畢業生並不能適應市場的需要。高等教育擴招以後，其實很多人根本沒有達到受高等教育的水平，但是也是在擴招過程中擠進了高等學校的門檻，這種人，真正去就業的話，實際上也是得不到市場認可的。」
小芳：「專業不對口，限制多啊！就是你念出來的專業，跟自己找到的工作都不一樣，感覺念跟沒念一樣，而且在學校學到的東西也沒甚麼用。反正我就覺得我們專業沒用。」
經濟、社會學家則認為，中國經濟的疲軟下滑、虛假繁榮、片面追求GDP增長，造成的產業結構不平衡，使得農民工「用工荒」與大學生就業難並存。另外，各種黑箱操作造成的就業機會不平等，就業競爭不公正等，都是造成大學生就業難的因素。
李元華:「整個機制就是這樣，真正有作為的，有抱負的人，並沒有施展抱負的環境。」
評論人士指出，造成大學生就業難的矛盾和現象，已經存在多年，中共當局也非常清楚問題所在。即便如此，它們也不會作出任何改善措施。因為一旦改革，必然觸及利益集團，而這些中共官員，怎麼甘願損失自身的利益，來換取百姓的就業機會？
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/ 君卓
Employment Is beyond “Most Difficult” When College Graduates Reach New Record in 2014
The number of annual college graduates has been sharply increasing
since colleges expanded enrollment in China.
It’s more and more challenging for college students to locate a job.
Last year (2013), about 7 million college students graduated, and
it was called “a year of being more difficult to locate a job.”
When students that graduated last year are still looking for jobs
with varying difficulty, a lot more fresh graduates
are stepping out of school gates this year.
Regarding this, internet users said:
To look for a job in 2014, it’ll only be harder.
This year about 7.27 million college students are going to graduate
in China, 280 thousand more than last year.
Thus, this year has been called
“a year of being more difficult to locate a job.”
It’s not a new topic: “how difficult for a college graduate
to find a job” in China.
Since 1999, colleges started expanding enrollment across the country.
With the number of annual graduates shooting up,
the employment situation is getting more and more challenging.
While graduates from former years are still searching for jobs,
graduates of this year also join the army of job seekers.
Therefore, unemployed graduate numbers snowball.
“Ganji.com”, one of the biggest classified information websites,
published an investigative report on the employment situation
of 2013 college graduates. It shows that about 83.2% of the graduates
hadn’t found a job yet by May 31, 2013.
Xiao Fang, a graduate from “Ningde Teachers College”,
graduated and started looking for a job last year.
Xiao Fang: “I’m so pressured. It’s very difficult to find a job.
It’s even more difficult to find a job that fits me.”
In contrast with the increasing number of graduates,
there are fewer and fewer openings available.
Take 2013 as an example: the number of graduates has increased
3% since 2012. Whereas the number of job openings
has decreased 15%. The relationship between supply and demand
has totally lost its balance. Even if a lot of business units
require more skills, a lot of gradates still pursue the positions eagerly.
A higher education degree doesn’t mean it’s easier to find a job.
Based on the investigation of “Mycos Institute”,
a research structure in China, it shows that only 26% of the graduates
who graduated with a master degree in 2013 have found a job.
It is even less than one third of the total.
Xiao Bai is going to graduate from “Shan Dong Teachers College”
this year. He is planning to work on his master degree afterwards.
Xiao Bai: “As of our major, if you want to teach in a college,
you’ll at least need to have a master degree.
An education degree is a fundamental requirement in our field,
so I have to pursue my master degree. There are a lot more limitations
if I only have a bachelor degree.
A lot of schools won’t give those graduates with bachelor degree
any opportunities.”
The reason why it’s so hard for college graduates to find a job,
different people have different views. But, generally speaking, it embodies
the deepening conflicts among China’s economic, educational and social systems.
Educational specialists state that colleges’ expanding enrollment
has caused the sharp increase in the number of students.
While, the quality of education has dropped in general.
In addition, the rigid “examination-oriented education system”
and curriculum set up have failed to provide students
with basic professional abilities.
Li Yuanhua, former associate professor of Educational Science from
“Capital Normal University”, “The party has been dealing with education
as a ‘property’, not as a system to cultivate talents.
In order to expand enrollment, it has lowered educational quality.
Thus a lot of graduates cannot adapt to market needs.
After enrollment expansion, a lot of graduates
that are not good enough also receive admission from colleges.
For this category of students, they cannot be recognized in the labor market.”
Xiao Fang: “There are a lot of jobs that don’t match my major or
have a lot of limitations. Sometimes, the job you find is totally
irrelevant to your major. I just feel that the knowledge I’ve learned
from college is kind of useless.
It seems that my major doesn’t have any practical values. ”
Economists and socialists state that the combination of a shrinking economy,
fake prosperity and sheer pursuit of GDP growth
has caused the imbalance of the industrial structure.
The shortage of migrant workers and unemployment of college
graduates coexist. In addition, all kinds of “black-box operations”
have caused the inequality of job opportunities and unjust competition.
All of those factors have contributed to the unemployment of
college students.
Li Yuanhua: “The whole system is like this. Talents with ambition
cannot find a place to realize their aspirations in China. ”
Some commentators pointed out the phenomena and conflicts about
the unemployment of college students have existed for years.
The party clearly knows where the problem is rooted.
Even so, it won’t do anything to change the situation.
Because, once it makes any reforms, it’ll touch the interest groups.
The party’s officials will never sacrifice their own benefit of interest
in exchange for more job opportunities for ordinary people.
Interview & Edit/zhangtianyu Post-Production/Junzhuo
