【新唐人2014年01月08日訊】近來，大陸先後發佈兩份2013年度中國企業家犯罪報告，報告顯示，中國企業家犯罪現象明顯增加，而私營企業家犯罪案例超過了國營企業家。但專家指出，報告背後隱藏著更深的用意。
由「北京師範大學中國企業家犯罪及防控研究中心」編寫的《2013中國企業家犯罪報告》，1月5號由大陸《正義網》正式授權對外發佈。報告統計了2013年大陸企業家共436起犯罪案例，涉案的企業家達到599人，其中，民營企業家469人，國營企業領導128人。
另據《法制日報社》的《法人》雜誌，與「中國青年報輿情監測室」聯合推出的——《2013中國企業家犯罪研究報告》顯示，在收集的357例案件中，民營企業家涉嫌犯罪的案件為270件，佔案件總數的75%。
兩大機構的研究報告中可以看出，大陸民營企業的犯罪案例和犯罪人數，都超過了國營企業，這是否表示民營企業家的犯罪率比國營企業家要高呢？
專家指出，報告的數據容易將人引入誤區。
一方面是民營企業生存環境險惡，朝不保夕；一方面公權力可以肆意給民營企業家定罪，侵吞民企資產。
大陸金融分析師任中道：「在重慶的時候，薄熙來那會兒唱紅打黑，打掉的都是民營企業家，那如果這樣來算，是不是當時民營企業家的犯罪率是百分之百呢？把企業家冠上黑社會的帽子，把他們的資產全部沒收，甚至要把企業家給槍斃，讓這些企業家家破人亡。這種數據沒有意義。」
與民企相反的是，在當前大陸體制下，國營企業家一般具有政商雙重身份，既是中共高官又是企業高管，有的還有人大代表、政協委員的頭銜。這就造成了，除非中共內部出現鬥爭，否則即使國企遍地貪腐，也很難有高管被繩之以法。
任中道：「還有一種層面來說，大家都知道央企和國企的領導，不單是一個企業家，它還是有一定的行政的級別，一旦國企的領導落馬，不是一個經濟問題，是一個政治問題，是因為它們的派系鬥爭導致的。去年國資委主任，還有原中石油董事長蔣潔敏落馬，它就是最大的石油幫嘛，涉及到最近比較熱議的周永康那個事情，都是有關聯的。」
此外，金融分析師任中道還指出，大陸民營企業遠遠多於國企，民企企業家犯罪率高於國企企業家也很正常。
那麼，甚麼原因令當局在這個時候將民眾的視線，引向民營企業家犯罪呢？
評論認為，第一，中共當局為了轉移當前民眾對國企的不滿，第二，這是當局作出的反腐姿態。
任中道：「它現在把民企拋出來，也是去年最大的一個爭論就是國企改革。都說要國企改革，因為國企的壟斷也好，浪費國家資源也好，還有需要政府財政補貼等等弊端，讓各界對它非常詬病。其實要改革呢，也動了它們的根本利益。因此它的改革比較難，它需要放出煙霧彈來，轉移民眾的視線，讓人以為民企這邊更亂一些，國企還好。」
中國企業家犯罪報告還顯示，國企企業家犯罪排名前三的罪名與往年一致，仍然是受賄罪、貪污罪、挪用公款罪。而私企企業家犯罪主要集中在融資、財務管理和合同糾紛等領域，罪名多為非法吸收公眾存款、集資詐騙、涉稅犯罪。
任中道指出，中共統治下扭曲的經濟，使得實體經濟萎縮，虛擬經濟繁榮，民營企業步履維艱，才會挖空心思為了企業生存鋌而走險，走上犯罪道路。
任中道：「中國金融體系不支持實體經濟，都把錢弄資產炒作，比如炒樓、炒股、房地產，它寧願投入這方面也不願意給實體經濟去貸款，現在民企融資比較難，不排除它為了融資採取多種辦法，也是被逼無奈吧！」
任中道認為，如果私營企業有一個良好外部體制環境，相信每個私營企業家都會認真經營企業、回報社會，因為這才是正常社會下的企業發展之路。
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/陳建銘
Ominous – CCP Ready To Kill Off Private Enterprise?
Two implausable reports have been released for 2013
on China’s so called private enterprise crimes.
The recent reports allege that Chinese entrepreneur’s crimes
increased significantly, with crimes by private entrepreneurs
surpassing those of state run business executives.
Experts point out that the Reports have ulterior motives.
On January 5, one of China’s largest websites on legal matters
www.jcrb.com officially released the,
2013 China’s Entrepreneur Crime Report prepared by
Beijing Normal University’s Chinese Entrepreneurs
Crime Prevention and Control Research Center.
The Report published statistics on China’s 436
entrepreneur crime cases in 2013 that involve 599 entrepreneurs,
with 469 private entrepreneurs and 128 state business leaders.
In addition, Legal Daily, Legal magazine and
China Youth Daily Opinion Monitoring Room jointly released
the 2013 Chinese Entrepreneur Crime Research Report.
Out of the 357 cases collected, the number of crimes
allegedly committed by private entrepreneurs was 270,
75% of the total cases.
The Reports indicate that China’s private enterprises have more
crimes and criminals than state-owned enterprises.
Does this actually mean that crime rate of private entrepreneurs
is higher than state-owned businessmen?
Experts point out that the reports are misleading.
While private businesses are struggling to survive,
facing a very difficult environment, Government corruption
can conjure up fake crimes against private entrepreneurs at will.
Chinese financial analyst Ren Zhongdao:
“When Bo Xilai carried out the so-called movement
to suppress the underground in Chongqing,
his targets were all those private entrepreneurs.
The crime rate of private entrepreneurs then was 100 percent?
Private entrepreneurs were labeled as underground.
Their assets were stolen and there were even executions.
Such data makes no sense."
Contrary to private businesses, businessmen of State-Owned
Enterprises are often Government Officials,
with some of them even NPC deputies and CPPCC members.
As a result, even if State-Owned business is rife with corruption,
executives will not be brought to justice unless due to some
internal struggle within the Chinese Marxist Party.
Ren Zhongdao: “We know leaders of central enterprises
and State-Owned Enterprises have certain administrative status.
Crackdown of State-Owned Enterprise leaders is not
a business problem, but a political issue resulting from
factional infighting.
Last year’s crackdown of SASAC director and
PetroChina Chairman Jiang Jiemin was related to Zhou Yongkang."
In addition, Ren Zhongdao pointed out that China has
far more private enterprise than state-owned business.
The alleged higher crime rate of private enterprise appears
relatively normal.
So, what is the reason the authorities want to divert people’s attention
to private entrepreneurs’crimes at this time?
Firstly, the CCP authorities want to distract
people’s dissatisfaction from state-owned enterprises.
Secondly, it is an empty anti-corruption gesture made by the CCP.
Ren Zhongdao: “It is throwing private businesses under the bus.
The biggest controversy last year was around the reform of
State-Owned Enterprises, which are heavily criticized for
monopoly, waste of national resources, government subsidies, etc.
Reform would undermine their fundamental interests.
The CCP needs to emit smoke bombs to distract people’s attention
and let people think that private business is more chaotic than
state-owned businesses."
China’s Entrepreneur Crime Report also indicates that:
the top three crimes committed by state-owned business leaders
were the same as previous years: taking bribes, corruption,
embezzlement of public funds, etc.
Crimes of private entrepreneurs were mainly
financing, financial management, contract disputes, etc.
They were mostly charged with illegaly raising money from
the public, fraud and tax-related crimes.
Ren Zhongdao noted that under the CCP’s distorted economy,
the real economy is shrinking and the virtual economic is prospering.
Private enterprises are struggling and are forced to
seek alternatives.
Ren Zhongdao: “China’s financial system does not support
the real economy.
Money is poured into speculative pursuits such as stocks and
real estate,rather than lend to real businesses.
It is very difficult for private business to raise money.
It is possible they use alternative ways to source the finance,
since they have no other choice."
Ren Zhongdao believes that if the private sector
has a good external institutional environment,
private entrepreneurs will be serious in conducting business
and make returns to society,
because that is the right development under a normal society.
Interview & Edit/ZhangTianyu Post-Production/ChenJianming
