【新唐人2013年11月23日訊】隨著中共十八屆三中全會的《決定》提出漸進式延遲退休政策，爭論數年的延遲退休年齡這一問題，終於從「謠言」變為現實。大陸民眾反對聲浪加劇，質問養老金到底到哪裏去了，並認為這是當局轉嫁危機的手段﹔而有專家則批評這是當局企圖「以毒攻毒」。
11月15號公布的十八屆三中全會《決定》，全文明確提出五大有關社保的重大問題，其中，研究制定漸進式延遲退休年齡政策排在首位。
大陸媒體報導聲稱，有公開數據表明，退休年齡每延長一年，養老統籌基金可增長40億元，減支160億元，減緩基金缺口200億元。
至此，難以服眾的延遲退休年齡已成定局。這也是中共的重要文件第一次明確提及延遲退休年齡。消息引發外界強烈反彈。顯然，延遲退休將緩解國家養老壓力，但個人負擔將增加。
中投顧問高級研究員任浩寧批評，延遲退休年限解決不了根本問題，這算是一個「以毒攻毒」的策略，社保虧空只能通過非常規手段逐漸填補，普通百姓的權益可能要「被平均」。
中國太平洋保險公司職員李學惠：「一句話，延遲養老的問題，就是我們的養老金到底到哪裏去了？017全世界我們GDP第二嘛，我們不是能夠拿出那麼多錢援助國外嗎？不拿出錢援助北韓原子彈嗎？那我們的養老金到哪裏去了？一句話，我們的錢到底是誰弄走了？」
面對諸多反對聲音，中共人社部官員表示，延遲退休將設幾年緩衝期，不能馬上施行。
《新唐人》特約經濟評論專家馬傑森：「它的窟窿是極大極大的，絕對不可能是延遲退休就能把這個窟窿完全補上，這是絕對不可能的。這個窟窿主要造成的原因是中共在08年以來，在稅收不斷增長，國家財政收入不斷增長的時候，它沒有及時有效的建立養老金的儲備，把錢大膽的花在像奧運這些面子工程上。」
據中國社科院世界社保研究中心發佈的《中國養老金髮展報告2012》顯示，中國城鎮基礎養老保險個人賬戶空賬額，2011年高達2.22萬億元。那麼，養老金的巨額空帳要如何彌補呢？
有媒體計算，如果中國財政資金有30%用於社會保障資金，則每年可增加社保資金最少達3萬億以上。三中全會《決定》中聲稱，到2020年將國有資產收益的上繳比例提高到30%，將此款項用於保障民生
而中共人社部官員金維剛卻對大陸媒體表示，全國社會保障基金與社會保險基金和養老保險基金屬不同性質，目前還不會用來彌補基本養老保險基金缺口。
馬傑森：「所有這些事情都體現了中共在過去幾十年制度的方式。在它扔擔子的時候，比如把養老金系統推向社會、把住房金系統推向社會的時候，它一步到位。但是當它有很多錢，承擔該承擔的義務的時候，卻舉步維艱。主要是因為它現有的體系、貪官體系運作效率極低，耗費極大。收上來多少錢，都被這個體系一下消耗掉，根本留不下甚麼餘錢給老百姓。」
有報導說，延遲退休產生的最大負面影響是對年輕人的就業衝擊。在中共號稱經濟增速高達10%的背景下，中國每年有大約1400萬人找不到工作。有統計顯示，中國每年有600萬至700萬人退休，加上目前中國經濟增速已下滑到7%左右，就業崗位減少，再加上延遲退休，就可能使得就業崗位全部消失。
李學惠：「政治上老喊的好，全心全意為人民服務。我正常應該交的東西就交。我們不珍惜權利，把政治權力交給你（中共）了，你為非作歹，我們把養老金交給你了，你讓我們延遲養老，這應該讓我們更多民眾反思。我們自己不珍惜自己的政治權力，我們變成讓人任意宰割了。」
有民眾表示，不管百姓反對，延遲退休就這麼定了。不延遲退休不行了，因為養老金出現巨額缺口，而缺口的原因絕非勞動者少交了社保錢。終於知道，是誰動了我們的養老金！
採訪/陳漢 編輯/王子琦 後製/黎安安
China Raises Retirement Age to Make up the Deficit
The third plenum of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has
decided that the retirement age delay policy will be
carried out gradually.
A much debated issue has finally turned into a reality.
While opposing the decision, the Chinese have also questioned
where has the pension gone.
Some believe the authorities are transferring
the crisis to the people.
Specialists criticizes that the authorities are tackling
the crisis with another crisis.
The third plenary decision published on 15th November outlined
five major issues concerning social security, of which
delaying the retirement age taking the front seat.
Publicly available data show the pension fund can grow
by 4 billion yuan ($656.5 million), save 16 billion yuan in
spending and decrease 20 billion yuan in fund shortages
if the retirement age is extended by a year,
reported a Chinese media.
The controversial retirement policy has finally set its tone.
This is the first time the CCP explicitly documented
its policy to raise the retirement age.
But it met strong opposition.
Obviously, this policy relays pension pressure
from the state to the Chinese people.
Ren Haoning is a researcher at an energy investment firm.
He does not believe raising the retirement age will solve
the fundamental problem.
It is a crisis to crisis strategy, an unconventional method
to gradually fill up the pension deficit at the expense of
the average working class.
Li Xuehui, staff of China Pacific Insurance Group: I have
only one question regarding, raising the retirement age.
Where has our pension gone?
Our GDP is claimed to be world number two.
We have so much money for foreign aid.
Did we not aid the North Korean nuclear plan?
So where has our pension gone?
One question. Who took our money?
Facing all the opposition, the Ministry of Human Resources
and Social Security responded that a buffer period will
follow before the policy is fully implemented.
Ma Jiesen, NTD TV economic correspondent: This deficit is
so huge that it is absolutely impossible to make it up by
simply delaying retirement.
The main reason for this huge deficit is that the CCP has
never set up an effective pension reserve since the growing
state revenue in 2008.
In stead, it spent money carelessly on face-saving projects
such as the Olympics.
China Pension Report (CPR) 2012, compiled by the Center
for International Social Security Studies at the Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences,
points out that the shortfall in the individual account
reached 2.22 trillion yuan ($355.9 billion) in 2011.
So, how can the huge gap in the nation’s pension be made up?
According to the media’s estimate, with 30% of state revenue
input, annual social security funds will increase by
at least three trillion.
The third plenary decision claimed that by 2020, 30% of
state revenue will turn into funds for livelihood.
Jin Weigang, the Head of the Social Security Research
Institute at the Ministry of Human Resources and Social
Security told the Chinese media
that the national social security fund
and the social insurance fund are of a different
nature from the pension funds.
Thus they will not be used to cover the deficit of
the basic pension insurance fund.
Ma Jiesen: Everything reflects how the CCP have operated
in the last decades.
They relay the burden onto society quickly, such as in
the cases of the pension system and the social housing system.
But it is very difficult for them to assume the obligations.
It is because of the low efficiency of the government.
The corruption has absorbed all the money.
There is not much left for the people.
There are reports saying that the younger generation will be
hit hardest from the raised retirement age.
While the CCP claimed its 10% economic growth,
there were on average 14 million people unemployed.
Statistics show 6 to 7 million retirees in China per year.
Now that China’s economic growth is down to 7%,
with the job losses and the delayed retirement plan,
all available jobs could simply disappear.
Li Xuehui: Politically, they claim they
are wholeheartedly there for the people.
I pay what I am supposed to pay.
We give up our rights and hand over our political rights
to the CCP.
We paid for our retirement plan, but now
our retirement is delayed.
We really need to think about it.
Not cherishing our political rights, we have now
become the sacrifice.
It is said that in spite of the opposition, the retirement
decision has been made.
The decision is a must because of the huge deficit.
People have always paid what they are supposed to.
Now it is clear who took the pensions.
Interview / Chan Han Edit / Wang Ziqi
