【新唐人2013年09月18日訊】這段時間以來，中國大陸養老問題鬧得沸沸揚揚。清華大學教授楊燕綏說，民眾在退休後，還沒有領取養老金的15年內，男的可以去養老院做園林義工，女的可以給老人洗衣服，這番言論被稱為餿主意後，日前，中共國務院又計劃推行「以房養老」。民眾批評，這個建議比楊燕綏主意更殘酷，有房的要被剝奪光，沒房的只能等死。我們來看專家學者如何評價「以房養老」這個舉措。
據大陸媒體報導，明年開始，中國將啟動「以房養老」試點工作，具體措施有望明年一季度出臺。中共國務院下發的《關於加快發展養老服務業的若干意見》表示，將開展老年人住房反向抵押養老保險試點。也就是老年人將房屋抵押給金融機構，從金融機構領取養老費用。房主去世後，房產出售用于歸還貸款，其升值部分歸金融機構所有。
中國金融智庫研究員鞏勝利：「這個人來的時候是空的，結果等你上了年歲，有了錢以後，唯一的財產財富，也就是房地產了，走的時候又全部交給了國家，那下一代又是空空如也，歷史發展以後，真正有錢的是誰了？」
國務院的這個《意見》出來後，在網上招來一片罵聲。網友批評說，「地搶完了，又準備搶房」，還有網友寫道，「吃了你一輩子，最後點骨頭渣也不放過！」
還有專家質疑，「以房養老」也許是抬高房價的「幫兇」。
另外，民眾普遍對金融機構不信任，擔心房子抵押給金融機構後，一旦金融機構把房子賣掉，捲走資金，養老更無著落。
有網友擔心，社保會白交了，懷疑這是當局不發放養老金的前奏。
時事評論員林子旭：「中共發佈這樣的信息，最直接的原因應該就是中共目前面臨的經濟困境，外資大規模撤離，中共的貪官又在鯨吞海吃各種資金，同時大量的向國外轉移，這一切都讓中共當權者心驚不已，中共心裡知道中國民眾的養老金很多都被中共官員揮霍掉了，這個問題的嚴重性或許很快就要凸顯出來，這個時候中共情急之下就想出了這麼一個腦殘的做法。」
從2007年開始，中共先後在北京、上海開始進行「以房養老」試點，最終以失敗告終。
「以房養老」一直遭到專家和民眾的質疑。其中一個重要的原因是，中國土地屬於國有，民眾對房產只有70年使用權，一旦產權到期，房子會被回收，屆時以房養老的想法就會落空。
中共官方聲稱，「以房養老」是效仿西方國家。不過美國等西方國家的這種「以房養老」，有政府擔保做後盾。借款人在世時，房子所有權屬於借款人。在借款人離世後，所有權歸住房及城市發展部。房子出售後，還清銀行款項後的盈餘部分，交給老人的遺產繼承人。如果不足還款，住房及城市發展部將出錢補足欠缺部分，銀行也不會吃虧。
網絡作家夏小強：「中國政府和西方自由民主國家政府根本的不同是黨管政府，國家財產就是黨產，所以說，中共的體製造成了一種嚴重的腐敗，養老金巨大的缺口，一方面是中共財政投入不足，通貨膨脹也是原因之一，更主要的原因是各級中共官員貪污或挪用社保基金。」
中共前上海市委書記陳良宇在上海社保基金弊案中，挪用了32億元人民幣。
中共打算推行的「以房養老」，還被質疑為是延遲退休的另一種做法。
美國南卡羅萊納大學艾肯商學院教授謝田：「更關鍵的問題是，一旦房地產泡沫破滅，房地產價格大跌的時候，通貨膨脹這麼嚴重，得到的錢可能不足以來支付更昂貴的生活水平，老人他的養老金就更沒有著落了。」
還有專家質疑，中共過去慫恿利益集團先以「原始積纍」的名義，靠高房價剝奪普通百姓的勞動積纍，現在又以養老的名義維持原始積纍的「合法性」，有可能加大社會貧富不均的差距。
採訪編輯/劉惠 後製/施怡君
Cruel New CCP Plan, “Using Mortgage To Pay Pension"
China’s pension problem has recently trigged heated debates.
Tsinghua University Professor Yang Yansui said that
in the fifteen years between retiring and getting pension,
men can be volunteer as gardeners at nursing homes,
while women can do laundry for seniors.
Many Mainlanders say her remarks are nonsense.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) State Council
plans to promote the program of “Housing Endowment."
People criticize that this proposal is more brutal than Yang’s idea:
owners of housing will be deprived,
and those with no housing will wait forever.
Let’s take a closer look.
According to Mainland Chinese media, China will pilot
its “Housing Endowment" program in 2014.
Specific measures are expected to come out Q1, 2014.
Opinions About Accelerating Pension Services
issued by the CCP State Council suggests that there will be
a trial run of the senior housing pension mortgage program.
Under the program, seniors can mortgage their homes
to financial institutions and get pension from them.
After the owners die, the financial institution sells the house
and returns the mortgage, and any property appreciation
goes to the financial institution.
Gong Shengli, China financial and social commentator:
“People came to this world empty-handed.
When they get old, they might only get real estate property.
Then they have to hand it over the government.
Their next generation will be empty-handed.
In the end, who get the money?"
The proposal trigged criticism online.
One netizen said: “After they rob everything,
they take your house too."
Other netizens said: “It exploits you all your life,
and even swallows you up in the end."
Some experts questioned that “Housing Endowment"
may contribute to rising house prices.
In addition, many generally don’t trust financial institutions,
worrying that they will sell the houses and take the money.
Some netizens are concerned about their social security.
They suspect the authorities will withhold people’s pensions.
Commentator Lin Zixu:"The direct cause of the CCP’s proposal
is the financial difficulty it faces now.
Foreign investments are withdrawing on a large scale.
Corrupt CCP officials are transferring capital overseas.
The CCP regime was very nervous.
They know a large amount of people’s pension have been
taken away by corrupt officials, and the issue would surface soon.
So the CCP came up with this foolish idea."
Since 2007, CCP held trial “Housing Endowment" programs
in Beijing and Shanghai, which ended in failure.
From the start, experts and everyday people
have found the program questionable.
The key reason is China’s lands are owned by the government.
People only have 70 years of right to use.
Once the term is up, the property is taken back.
Leaving the “Housing Endowment" plan to fall through.
CCP authorities claim that “Housing Endowment" is
to mimic western countries.
However, “Housing Endowment’ in the West is supported by
the government.
The borrower owns the house when alive.
The ownership will go to city development departments
after the owners pass away.
After the houses are sold, extra money in addition to mortgage
will be given to the person’s heirs.
If the selling price cannot cover mortgage,
city department pay banks the remainder.
Online writer Xia Xiaoqiang:"The fundamental difference
between China and western countries is the one-party rule.
China’s assets all belong to the CCP.
Serious corruption caused the huge gap in pension.
Inflation is another factor.
The key issue is CCP officials’ embezzling social insurance."
Chen Liangyu, former Shanghai CCP party secretary
embezzled 3.2 billion yuan ($523,000) of social insurance.
The CCP’s “Housing Endowment" is also suspected to be
another way used to defer retirement.
Xie Tian, professor at University of South Carolina
Aiken School of Business: “The more critical issue is that
once the real estate bubble bursts, the money people get
cannot cover living expenses with severe inflation.
The lives of seniors will become even more difficult."
Other experts question the CCP’s encouraging interest groups
to exploit people through high housing prices.
It now promotes the proposal in the name of supporting seniors,
but may end up widening the gap between rich and poor.
