【新唐人2013年08月13日訊】在中國大陸，高官退離休後到企業任職的現象正在悄然興起。今年7月底，三位中共原省部級高官同時加盟中國第三大重型汽車製造商——中國重汽集團，擔任獨立董事，中共老幹「退而不休」引發巨大非議。各界認為，「高官獨董」現象既是中國官商勾結的真實寫照，也是中國這個畸形社會裏的變相權力尋租和腐敗的表現。
大陸媒體報導，加入中國重汽的三位重量級獨立董事，分別是貴州省原省長石秀詩、山東省原省長韓寓群和國稅總局原副局長崔俊慧，他們的年薪為18萬元人民幣，任期3年。
有關數據表明，類似的高官獨董現像在大陸企業，尤其是上市公司非常普遍。因此，業內人士也將獨董制，戲稱為老幹部活動中心。這些企業為何對退休高官如此推崇呢？
中國企業高級顧問何軍樵：「退休的高官，他雖然已經退休了離開了這個崗位，但是他的部下還在、他的親朋好友還在，所以說他的價值依然還在，他依然能夠發揮他很大的影響力。」
雖然高官獨董給一些企業帶來了巨大的利益，卻備受相關評論人士和民眾的詬病，網上也因此出現了一面倒的批評，業內人士也對此表示極大的擔憂。
何軍樵：「其實在金融領域，我也看到有這樣的一些現象，具體的內幕是甚麼樣，我不予置評，但是這樣一種現像在這個國家出現，我覺得也是這個畸形經濟所產生的這樣一個結果。如果是在一個公正的市場經濟環境裡面，人脈能夠起一些作用，但是它一定不會逾越法治的範圍，但是在這樣一個國家就很難講。」
獨立董事制度的本意是通過聘請一定比例獨立的董事，對A股上市公司的大股東和經營層形成權力製衡，維護中小股東的權益。但實際上，由於大陸的獨立董事通常是由控股大股東指定的，反而使得事與願違。
金融分析師任中道：「他們上市公司聘請的獨立董事偏偏為這些大股東們說話，來幫他們開路。在競爭當中不是按照公司的業績來導致股價的上升或者下降，而是靠這個關係來影響。」
企業觀察人士發現，大部分企業僱傭的退休高官，退休之前都是擔任與企業領域相關的職務。例如光大銀行獨立董事周道炯曾擔任過中國證監會主席一職，而中國鋁業獨立董事吳建常曾任冶金工業部副部長、國家冶金工業局副局長等職。對此，公眾擔心這種現象會影響市場競爭的公平性。
何軍樵：「在這樣一個計劃市場經濟的畸形社會裏，這樣一個畸形的經濟結構裡面，權力尋租，市場尋求權力是非常正常的事情。逾越法治、違法亂紀的事情也是非常正常的事情。總而言之，這個國家已經被這個官僚集團，以及這個官僚集團代表的背後的若干個利益集團，這個國家的經濟利益應該是被他們所瓜分的。」
其實，大陸《公務員法》明文規定：「公務員辭去公職或者退休的，原係領導成員的公務員在離職3年內，不得到與原工作業務直接相關的企業，或者其它營利性組織任職；不得從事與原工作業務直接相關的營利性活動。」
任中道：「中共它導致了這樣一個權錢的交易，無論這個人在位不在位，他還會延續這樣的發生，所以這個權錢交易始終在中國大陸有這樣的影響，有些外資企業進入中國大陸之後，也被感染了，符合所謂的中國國情，受它的影響必須得去行賄，才能打開自己在大陸經營的路子。」
一項針對滬深兩市上市公司的調查顯示，中國市值排在前50的上市公司中，有34位政府退休高官任獨立董事。
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/李月
Retired Cadres Sitting High in Corporate Circles
In China, more and more retired high-level officials
are working in enterprises.
By the end of July, three former provincial ministry-level
officials joined the China National Heavy Duty Truck Group,
China’s third largest manufacturer of heavy-duty vehicles,
as independent directors.
This phenomenon has triggered widespread criticism.
It reflects collusion between business and politicians,
as well as corruption and abuse of power in Chinese society.
According to Chinese media, the three “heavyweight"
independent directors are
Shi Xiushi, former governor of Guizhou Province,
Han Yuqun, former governor of Shandong Province and
Cui Junhui, former deputy director of National Taxation Bureau.
Their annual salaries are 180,000 yuan ($29,000) each,
for a term of three years.
Related data showing senior officials as independent directors
is a popular phenomenon in China’s listed companies.
Insiders also refer this phenomenon as “the Veteran Club."
Why do companies respect retired senior officials so much?
He Junqiao, Chinese enterprises senior adviser:
“Retired senior officials still have their subordinates in charge,
as well as their family and friends.
So they have huge value and are able to have great influence."
Although retired officials bring huge benefits to enterprises,
people are criticizing them.
Much of the criticism online has been one-sided.
This phenomenon is also causing concern for those inside.
He Junqiao: “In fact I see this in the financial sector as well.
I won’t comment on the details.
This is the result of a deformed economy.
Networking plays a certain role in a fair market,
but can’t go beyond the legal system.
But in a country such as China it’s hard to say."
The independent director system is to hire them
and post balances and restrictions to A-share listed companies,
so as to maintain the interests of minority shareholders.
But in fact, independent directors are usually designated
by the controlling shareholders.
Ren Zhongdao: “They hire independent directors
who speak for major shareholders.
Competition is not affected by an enterprise’s performance,
but by this relationship."
Observers found out that most hired officials had worked in
related sectors before they retired.
Zhou Daojiong, independent director of Everbright Bank,
was chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission;
Wu Jianchang, independent director of Chalco,
served as deputy minister of Metallurgical Industry and the
vice chairman of the National Bureau of Metallurgical Industry.
Many in the public sphere fear this phenomenon will affect
the fairness of competition in the market.
He Junqiao: “In such a deformed society, abuse of power
is normal. It is also normal to go beyond the legal system.
All in all, this country is divided by bureaucrats and
a number of interest groups behind them.
They’ve divided up the economic interests of the country."
In fact, China’s “Civil Servant Law" expressly states that:
“Resigned or retired civil servants holding leaders roles
cannot work in enterprise or other profit-making
organizations that are related to their formal positions
within three years after leaving their positions;
they must not engage in profit-making
business activities related to formal work."
Ren Zhongdao: “The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
brings about power and money transactions,
regardless of whether a person holds a position or not.
This bartering has always had an influence in China.
Some foreign companies, after entering China,
have been infected by China’s so-called national condition.
They must bribe in order to open up their network in China."
A survey of listed companies at the Shanghai and Shenzhen
markets shows that among the top 50 companies listed,
34 have retired officials as their independent directors.
