【新唐人2013年01月19日訊】近年來，在中國號稱所謂「國考」的國家公務員考試熱的燙手，報考人數逐年攀升。而最近一則碩士生應聘哈爾濱環衛工的新聞，也是熱的燙手。對於具有專業知識的研究生，卻立志於月收入僅僅1500元的環衛工人職位，是就業的壓力﹖還是碩士生貶值了。有分析指出，其實環衛工作是跳板，當官才是目地。事實果真如此嗎？讓我們聽聽社會專家和學生他們怎麼說。
落選哈爾濱環衛工招考的碩士生王洋說，「就算是死，我也要死在編製裡。」死在編製裡，成為最近最熱的網絡流行語之一。
落選研究生的一句話引起千層浪，中國高學歷研究生的就業問題再度浮出檯面。有人質疑，難道十年寒窗苦讀，一切就是為了「掃大街」？事實上，很多高學歷的學生眼裡，只要是帶編製的工作，即使是做清潔工，也在所不惜。
據調查，2013屆畢業生最願意去的單位是國有企業。
深圳當代社會觀察研究所所長劉開明：「這確實反映了現在非常大的社會問題，那麼多的精英都往體制跑，原因在於體制，還有機關公務員，有些編製的事業單位的人員，他們的工資福利非常好，而且還有很多灰色、甚至黑色的收入，這樣就導致了很多的年輕人趨之若鶩，從個案來說，確實是很嚴重的，因為他所受的高等教育完全是荒廢了。」
「深圳當代社會觀察研究所」所長劉開明認為，這個現象反映了中共官員選拔方面有問題，整個體制內的政府和事業單位，各種管理階層人員的提拔，實際上是不對社會上開放的，而是通過體制內部提拔，這才是編製的最大誘惑！
劉開明：「實際上也是他進了這個編製，他受過高等教育碩士學位的人，很容易能夠陞遷，他做環衛工人不會超過三年，就有機會升到基層的領導，甚至中高層領導，這樣的話，他所謂死要死在編製裡，顯然不是死也要做編製內的環衛工人，而是要進入裡面做官。」
網路轉載「武大學長的一封信」，信中提到，就業一直是中國大學生的敏感話題，而現在充斥校園的是，對中國教育的反感，對中國體制的漫駡，對自己前途的沒有信心。
大陸應屆研究生陳先生：「研究生的學費也挺貴的，但是整個對社會來說，價值都沒體現出來，應該有一個規劃，我感覺應該制訂一個詳細的規劃，每年大概能需要多少，然後我招多少，就業的時候怎樣去分配，怎樣去刺激這些人去就業。」
這位大陸陳姓應屆研究所學生說，政府沒有規劃，每年錄取這麼多的研究生，既浪費國家資源，又浪費學生的時間，連帶整個社會的生產能力和運作能力都下降。
陳先生：「你看有的人學馬克思主義哲學，這種專業研究生，你說這種專業能幹嘛﹖甚麼樣的企業需要你這種專業研究生？或者社會主義建設，這樣的研究生除了考公務員，你還能幹嘛﹖國家就是為了收學費，然後死命死命招，基本上想考的話，你隨便都能考上，然後就業時候就不一定了，真的沒甚麼工作。」
根據統計顯示，從1994年到2000年期間，纍計參加公務員考試的人數大約4萬多人。自2009年以後，中國每年參加公務員考試的年輕人超過100萬人，2013年報考人數更是達到156萬人。
據了解，哈爾濱市舉行環衛系統公開招聘人員，錄取的448名環衛工人當中，共有7名是研究生學歷。
網友感嘆：為了一個研究生，人們起早貪黑的苦讀書，而等拿到了研究生，又要起早貪黑去掃地，知識就這麼被灰塵淹沒了……。
採訪/朱智善 編輯/黃億美 後製/郭敬
China’s Postgraduates: “Dying for Getting Government Jobs"
In recent years, the civil service exam in China is become
very popular, with a growing number of applicants yearly.
This was also seen in the recent recruitment
of sanitation workers in the city of Harbin.
This low paid job has seen heavy competition,
even among graduates with Masters’ degrees.
Is this a reflection of employment pressures
or is it the devaluation of Master’s degrees?
Observers think that the sanitation
worker job acts as a springboard.
The goal of the well-educated
applicants is to become officials.
Let’s look at what is happening in today’s China.
Wang Yang, an excluded candidate for Harbin’s
sanitation worker recruitment, is a Master’s graduate.
He said, “I would even die to become
a government institution employee.”
Thus, a new term was created, that
of “dying for getting government jobs".
Nationwide public concern is growing towards employment
issues for China’s well-educated job seekers.
Some question why graduates, after years of hard
study, are competing to be street sweepers?
In reality, lots of well-educated applicants in China think
it is worthwhile to get any public service job, even a cleaner.
Reportedly, the most attractive workplace for 2013
college graduates are state-owned enterprises.
Liu Kaiming, Director of a civil think tank in Shenzhen:
“It really mirrors a big social problem.
So many elites are seeking government jobs
now, and the root cause is the political system.
Another reason is that these civil servants earn enviable
salaries and benefits, plus gray and under-the-table incomes.
That’s why state jobs can attract so many young people.
In this recent case, I think being a street cleaner
makes the young man discard his good education.”
Liu Kaiming says this fact reflects a flawed
mechanism for the regime’s official selection.
In China, public service job openings and opportunities
for managerial promotion are actually behind closed doors.
All are internally selected, which is the greatest attraction.
Liu Kaiming: “If he enters a government institution,
he can easily get promotion with his master’s degree.
He’ll work as a cleaner for no more than three years.
But he’ll gain a chance to be promoted as a grass-roots
leader, or even to a middle-level or high-level leader.
So his claim of dying for getting a government job
refers to the chance of being a leader.
It is not for being a cleaner forever.”
A letter from a Wuhan University graduate
is being widely circulated on the internet.
It said that employment issues have long been
a sensitive topic among China’s college students.
Now college campuses are filled with resentment toward
China’s education, and abuse of China’s political system.
Students are despairing at their own future.
Mr. Chen, Masters student in China:
“Postgraduate tuition fees are quite high.
However, the value hasn’t
really been recognized in society.
I think the authorities should make a detailed plan on
graduate student enrolment and their job placements.”
Mr. Chen says the flood of unplanned graduate student
enrolment wasted national resources, and students’ time.
This has resulted in low social
productivity and operating capability.
Mr. Chen: “Such as enrollments
to study the philosophy of Marxism.
What kind of enterprise needs graduates with such a major?
Another example is the major in Socialist Construction.
Besides applying for civil service employment,
what else can these graduates do after graduation?
In order to collect money, the authorities’ graduate
student enrollment has been over subscribed.
It’s easy to get enrolled, but once a student
has graduated, no jobs await them.”
Public data shows that in the period 1994-2000, over
40,000 people in China sat civil service examinations.
Since 2009, the number of applicants soared to over 1 million.
In 2013, over 1.5 million people applied for civil service jobs.
Media reported that among Harbin’s 448 sanitation
worker recruits, there are seven graduate students.
A netizen commented in a post, “In order to get a
Master’s degree, students have to toil in their studies.
But when they have it, they’ll toil again to sweep the
streets. Their knowledge, in this way, is buried in dust…”
