【新唐人2011年6月4日訊】近年來，中國大陸因為拆遷問題所引發的社會矛盾、暴力衝突愈演愈烈，強拆造成的惡性事件不斷髮生。有學者指出，這其實與中共政府在1994年推行的「分稅制改革」有很大關係，然而，前任國務院總理朱鎔基在清華百年校慶時的演講，卻故意裝傻，掩蓋了很多真相。
中國著名經濟學家、中國問題專家程曉農，日前在接受《新唐人》採訪時指出，現在的中國大陸，民間群體抗暴事件頻頻發生，而這其中的大部分，都與圈地拆遷有關。而強制拆遷的主要原因是，地方政府為了巨額的土地收入，強行把老百姓的土地賣給房地產商。
經濟學家程曉農：“地方政府現在財政上高度依賴賣地的收入，即便是北京、上海這樣的大都市，它的地方財政收入當中，大概半數是來自於賣地的收入，所以斷了這筆財源，地方政府就活不下去。”
近些年來，隨著全國各地暴力拆遷的愈演愈烈，很多人認為，前任中央政府推行的“分稅制改革”造成地方財政弱勢，地方政府過分依賴“土地財政”，這直接推高了房價，造成諸多社會問題。
前任國務院總理朱鎔基在參加清華大學百年校慶的時候，對這種批評進行了反駁，認為「分稅制」沒有錯，地方政府並不缺錢。
對此，程曉農認為，朱鎔基在清華的演講並沒有講實話，掩蓋了很多真相。他介紹說，地方政府的財政收入共分三塊：第一塊是預算內收入﹔第二塊是預算外收入﹔而“土地財政”是屬於「預算外之外」的收入，也就是第三塊收入。
程曉農：“朱鎔基迴避的是第二、第三塊，他假裝不知道，他只講第一塊，跟稅收有關的。其實，地方政府光靠稅收那一部分，那點收入沒有辦法讓政府按現在的規模擴大城市建設、也沒辦法養活這麼多官員的奢侈開支。”
1994年，中共當局開始推行“分稅制”，把好的稅種集中在中央手裡，造成地方政府靠本地稅收無法維持，必須依賴中央政府的撥款。程曉農指出，中央政府正是通過這個手段，來控制地方政府，實行高度中央集權。
而地方政府官員的胃口也越來越大，所以就想方設法從老百姓身上搜刮錢財。 2000年以前，各地方政府主要是從農民身上搜刮，在農村推行各種各樣的強制攤派，最後造成所謂的“三農問題”，危及中共政權。
2006年，當局被迫叫停“農業稅”，於是，地方政府就開始大搞“圈地運動”：拆遷、轉手倒賣，從中牟利。這就是所謂的“土地財政”。
程曉農：“中央政府實際上是給地方政府留了個門，就是說允許地方政府徵地，徵地的收入全部歸地方政府。所以，是中央政府的這個政策導致了地方政府拚命的徵稅，中央政府很清楚這一點，就是要不給地方政府甜頭，地方政府不會聽話的，所以中央政府假裝不知道地方政府拆遷發橫財，假裝不知道地方政府拆遷造成這麼多社會矛盾。”
朱鎔基在清華演講時，曾經駁斥《中國農民調查》這本書對“分稅制”的批評，號稱，這不是為了他自己，而是為了維護中共中央整個第三代領導集體。
程曉農強調，在“圈地”與“分稅制”這個問題上，朱鎔基是在裝傻，雖然實際上，朱鎔基並不糊塗。
新唐人記者常春、李謙、蕭宇採訪報導。
Zhu Rongji Play Fool on Land Enclosure
In recent years, social conflicts and violence
arising from forced demolition in China
have been worsening. Scholars said it had
a lot to do with the regime’s Tax System Reform
in 1994 when Zhu Rongji was the prime minster.
However, in his recent speech in Tsinghua Univ.’s
100th anniversary celebration,
Zhu intentionally covered up the truth.
China’s well-known economist Cheng Xiaonong
Said in an interview with NTDTV, land enclosure
had been a main reason for mass uprising events
happening across China. The reason for forcible
demolition is that local government sell
people’s land to developer for huge profit.
Cheng Xiaonong: “Now local government
highly rely on the income of land sale.
Even in large cities like Beijing and Shanghai,
land sales make up over half of their total revenue.
Without it, local government could not survive.”
In recent years, conflicts from forced demolition
became more and more outstanding. It is believed
the Tax Reform policy by the previous administration
weakened the local revenue, which caused
local governments to rely too much on land revenue,
resulting in housing price soar and social problems.
Former Premier Zhu Rongji refuted the criticism
in his speech at Tsinghua University, saying that
the Tax System Reform was not wrong, and
local governments are not short of money.
Cheng Xiaonong said, Zhu’s speech at Tsinghua
was far from being true, covering up many facts.
He said local revenue composed of three parts:
The 1st part was Income Within Budget, the 2nd
was Income Outside Budget, the 3rd was
land revenue – also extra income outside budget.
Cheng: Zhu Rongji avoided talking about the 2nd and
3rd parts by pretending not knowing that, and
focused on the 1st part – the income from taxes.
Actually, the tax income alone could not expand city
construction in its current scale, neither could it
afford the luxury expenditure of so many officials.
In 1994, the central government started to implement
Tax System Reform and kept lucrative taxes with it.
Local governments had insufficient tax income to survive
and must rely on central appropriations. Cheng said,
it was an instrument of the central government to control
local governments for a high degree of centralization.
However, local government tried all means to amass
money from people. Before 2000, local government
focused on getting money from farmers by imposing
various kinds of local taxes or fees in rural areas,
which resulted in the so-called “Three rural issues”
that imposed a direct threat to the CCP regime.
In 2006, the regime dropped the “agriculture taxes.”
Local governments turned to land enclosure movement:
demolish private housing, sell the land for big money.
That was the so-called “Land Revenue.”
Cheng: “In fact, central government left a back door for
local governments by allowing them to acquire the land
and keeping a full amount of land sale income.
They knew clearly that if they didn’t give out some
sweet treats, local governments wouldn’t listen to them.
So, the central government pretended that they did not
know local governments made big fortune from
demolition and created many social conflicts from that.
In his Tsinghua speech, Zhu refuted the criticism in
the book of “Survey of Chinese Peasants”,
saying that he was not only defending himself,
but the third generation of the CCP leadership.
Cheng said, Zhu played fool on the issue of Land Enclosure
and Tax System Reform, although he knew that clearly.
NTD reporters Chang Chun, Li Qian and Xiao Yu
